ࡱ> MN`!Ç oP3+7q@wxMfIzv}>oޱ#VDWZ+>p>{uu{uOOW]]=zq%oWH7Oߟ_^Oq7 7 }u?~;_C}Y&>}OW'NwWGv/^FW@% ǣG3ܹsMǏicpvוֹ]wкZL\'g KY-NcW F:co;Ku#ZǮ飼{n?w?3sFc'vfZf>{Ԟ!:1Z:ft3ֻ썘M"P㣭g̩3ӹ^z~j9D֏3RYM+rZ}XLFlrLӹ8[=Z1ގH\4!Ƈ:`ָPGѶqȫdNyߏ\;'&rZ7^g|Vh}|V_scdlms0hg}ε} 6;bG-?r}#=}nWsY|9սͭg*GIpļWZk}(nW=^9qV7#Zp:[Su+ߡq ;h=|݉J})T{j:A3qQ;h|Gfg*foO!}ej߸o3|s3f{66˻;G?K?Gtnz+euu'd2bݙ57=mی|r[^k10#Mz;ޣ}h?1}k4y6 KnmmXVm~*6Go9![>xC@nV:➼4~w՛}띗bũHשen{bbzeSA?޷'~X~ǰ,WK-3bls#=bsr[>hZv8=Qj|$b_V)8ms;l2ڳ#o~a2D=m3#{Jv*Ojc9vc61B?ny\7`~d~sEH{ふ?\^my\8@-G)&2Sm<2Xkyk_kf6smVϏV~-[*ˋS}_+H)5qV3ծ#yhӶmoJ'kmo>_m<}6++pM^8L[+d>yVlg9Y|fs]|ڍw7/MK=w<~sm``߶xK"/1f ?`,47ZX;v!Qg-K%W[f9T>_Z֍Sv +}Oi}V N|?FkpD_v+c|] Wؕ+ ^ݻw}x׮~״'g]g1z/^kp,_stFmju&l%/r>2.o\ѡ^kjnR/ﱿ׋[''~~CcϰK]Eʿ-Zo?ϣ3oƚ~`~{qLkZɜS4s烚N݇IG֙y-ב^]YkhƗ#qX9ך&㵴zn|梍ns2ֵ9֖sb|G87ѷ)y^S^Cx=XuF."zE$[Q|fvבݿ j׾L3֌B2$2j?w,8Į6mDkm2G8Οb̛[g[1q+hΝ3XT?F噇A6.eozoKkZk#ZΫY{9kε{t.kGjۨns^[z-9kZ=Tg{vHױ<}ީfqùm~&\&rR볇 F}6թcݵ2Hۍf̻M9{=$m!e=]Cu562.YCe, ~g}3_-g|=}\{/!6t~m*i?gmM6Vƞy(gl슾uʸJ= f~)[G7{S+1Ƃ9Sѷ|>CW`t-Gxh9{=$v1\)v؂ۗرkl-uۺ[c|BMzϚs3Fmr/o[ze}w[;|Lݦ۸ӑ9S7oߵCElo6.1\v1v[6%|̨A |j^+1c1xȘwrc.׾Ƕkm''r}7ksQ=9:kekZ3 sYsKj1l3}Ojr.2ywTggύ;:F>۩\_gxS6skN9g0Z =ω[{GƼc{Km?rNkm,Ɣ=߲mX}%f:\3+ bM"c_k]{N>>crv0?Ũ5[nΜjugmik{qXeZv:k,!vPmF?bסc!icmA[c͈~͍?tLzKZ.=~kb,h1hi{1/<7 :֚}Cuˇ:&gZ>-1|UZ~Z^_={L.¨>K ƝZX؏|p$!?3j&C?V_7::;SȖ>E؟t=:.K#z?UQsF'2=gyw;V"ϙssNK8Cd^;~Xq<2Cm/fXzbtl}Ͳ2tmŶMme.g>#<e)NJY]ڮiي~on2Z9g˃1F_\ 2yo9?eyNO|^nlqsl KK{}>>_W_3̞yw,ϱr7N[{Vnj|3n3vcj^mzO&bɺ 0+ `e x _`W {x_`W?W_p޽Ç7sϣG?{wޥ GC}oS"rm{{ߌ\[o;to)o=to?нZԽ?\O[~߿w;s/~R/rȵrѶ4"<8 <~;ם;wn?ߴl$-Cx'?>$<۵"۞=![\>g[Dz_l O~ٵroAL*1n^VrN1[HoC#ߋ}c嗺oW6 ^ėfLgۈ""j= lԵUD7S8˸-n/exۧW#;+Wf}b6Ffx{MV9}bl+ۘrȿ3ͦlB295;6Ƚz L B^O8Am@~[۫;&ޒqa娕uw#{F0[%+h֞gm{Fw\+|,OMĎv|Ħ2\SG^y%>F']R'FUZe=%o?\{ܷVfٛzoH~߲cZN=%O/Vfe}jcBX ,V]Md?PfSN^jſD;ew},N5{eSwR_~o+cq:ޮlAfsgľ@+bn);by{Zl=Cb{l&F{6EkOVw6EwϦѳ?b]wv{ze5{g綞 ΏVNolIN"{CG.ϧlhcL6-{lMƺa0;v%6)0Q_k 0 ';H =g'-z>A屼Z~b{mZkbx?c{3ֳ)zGymZG1Ϡw@oNOֆ(]+V퐘.p<ҒC}/.&=%y&:XώƥecKs_ר<_+G- 2{{W)sPlemVfog2Q+s-wS6^s =WC{g"ǗrC.{D=Zgq3Ljv >Zg:?VvQn0+C[ga7c璲c\wľ1l<Njsbfȵw/ݘ]Srr^ }0+|oy Z~{\kϩ!u"{ͯMzerX,lnZWgbݭ8zeAOʙ${o#ӳ͌`SOd&X{޵fY9zb.&z2[[=N>7IDUwr 7;>%XjK 9ƍgkO==kw~]kv,|'v[tw7޸я~t|7/kyWo_}k_V_:;`y{{Z]k|Zv{O_+yſٵR&ƆU=p:X>OH?kq=e1o<*8&gzb>Y-1G%<7]+ȵvo'Һ|^DZEbYkg#g?|g>E`6=W^R+%H?sԉ(vx[SP#3)fg,hnW H{뿭dv6ϽjlkbSoWO/S&/rj!KKzN*0؆N5qK,Etw*?gw'1uơ>'P~am0 S:tJ/8mލNG闞MkK1cDW[ڞM/AgaM 3-?z N}9<*矟od~o^}K_t ?&9V3=d-Fe5{\OxW˓6|q-0VD} 9ڿ^i=E[7^nȽM9i#p g9 11YVjf~q5Acg4xK(cNQ`m}5&.U9Q擞/Dfouk?g*Քd6Zo /zU:-4w?Q\%d~incNk׈mǞƲiR】?Zި娚挬zݳzlVAACk_e~oYZuGg!pQ_k|Wٳi2v6^u>m-I!~؜myڂqZOfH_kj9=z6Mͦ2s|/j i_u僲yr Fu=F>;I,bN.G>JL0lH,[o0b'-4ٖǿ7&7C%3},b}1fjmMCrpx*Olũں_+?6o>9yFjx;LjC=YT !c1g`)vY[Ď=#foQ`EOO׵x2͉fG^jqf=ݳ=Onc.ۇXV \O.{bX_މ0{ls[>,~|6u^W-BS)Ŝĺ\rjjqN{2Uٿ:>$#c-k|@^]S뷵k~_wsJ*eK1߭S_; IMbMkZ=V>p֓H`1Ǟ i|,fIk5#}[N(qOb,}W}Ifoj,_u~jϿ^({5?5gLj3K"Cggc<^t8qq)Kr#}g|W` qmD|`_~k䵜9eL`r>vz{]=%:|[Wvkx6gy:qpgg>;G.9GZ'{ߏrXNI1}:S ca-Nj[֙k,G1ZnDQ;/H޽w)؞iS1־e1G<οc~X^#֞o|αѲ ,&Ḁ{̏-e~3{E))y{gJ`lE8:5<u>XF0c!*WQۇ;[tQxcg#Vk׍=o54 ciyhb޵}H{,sͷmVLdovv[>UXK5_X_? s9ڲ?q֑ Qxt~ծrJǼ1g ۻwM}#s-ā]3}^!X^ Zl.1rF_}1%:`6dY#1{/'4~5)$lϛ/:Jl甏Z7g\xf뜚-@eZ@N@ɧ`}?[ ϖ4ְ[S`yҥmOKa|> _yhV>F;hY:xmO ۻm=wabĉ_6ۯ 1֯ /uX%-31Wt`~.qg.n^y}6WUۦ`kZ{灱m[]^ô7n$.>7io 9bֺ:+pƻ_B7vfJ,->K߲9ǙG˾rxFZdXl6yD{ӱP,wm]/u`'rm֔綩^Ny-ɷo̽V}'e޺]_Q()hC/ 9LvVcY^?9Y8O.d\lQ|bqk;N前{ҞqG~Cއeb6mŧdzUzC?rcգ6n9'7N`mgvɡ![6}6q6׋?"#Sw1/}#ovߗ#kTlt4'驭 ؞V돽hկ9r?2?_ϡ8>js逭}|ms-ywy+׬h㓴>؜]M[cu-. hkqjx3_8{kk}ieuַZںR;C2&ׯWռDm0׸XRgXmkq,>?3\ظsZJgl75>㜵wnGn՛zZ]^pKRLsZZ\öfuV=޹&Z7V֥z+ٵc{[Kuyo]_z9z形Ε6 &{m1e6^˷;Z0rmyZmڲw9-]|Lk8LIkoO띻[kkJ/^\gy6f9j5saԞ3qFL]h ۽29X]N?ni q#C=>T[qjq{z"ɔ/달wnŵ6׵s˭MzcN)gӺQmpom>ν6+6Kmn{Ms-9/;Fۦ׷6Nsǂ_#̫:7m:!ܾuV91jqdž 6Ѿ #/~1KWٳm9g{B>$[LAUt`kufl'/K6"wAGlo}[G_'Srʶ~?c*|2b߯~1s>s_;0s%q$o!{<1woenߕ6G?zCg[qsxEg)?eWrGɞraL3=|?:`6^?[q$vFhv!x}Y=_07zda\jyjS&9_679:Fm^VΧ8\o*22ϱ:uam=^қsb΍5g3N%*|ym̕,GmʾϟRǗ_~yVnzm oә=k9C.m;#kg7=}}dѝ5䡶qqtk|w!ϕ1؜6еڜә96fpɳ96X-gѪ؇jg:2w.|e6G:jz3[z;s7^+n0[}έ}Fw9do~s}(ϽR*ߜ=Yg\v~ k@Ό sFl=+pp_CsZc^rዦ6O|dϻQ[ܫ]ò嗿%vБo~zutLh錍߭58]jƟk6ҷ_C>Jlq.Nw7k:0}ZZmϗ2kr٣6ޘޏW8:;\2^?Om' }Q)23f/OY_ݚRKԹ-ø\[e`{>~sr&6Ǝ]~_'6}đg9|YcwtN6[~3‘ysٿYW|h13Gcuc#>h2GlK#gG>M3%{1z6]kʞ]gӌT/fWښh6PE/6}V#G:7|>5ڜ,l؞ec?9l s?,Gp!5Eor)ۘn-ǐ|o}HL/6gb\vmzJϘceMϖ 1})s_m?|~O.ڹvgK[X__jk]ЯMOx?_g$G*xa_6_~c|ɶ%xo^9ϻZyyM~Y+0VKA}kͥ~.͋q,n͋6g=Ń3b }{#?/>cvr\2:d4m 3Zym yqNOZ֯غ^oVn( |srZ i-8A^O/ >`\箛'~WczkRfzK\sXR\>R\zS9\ս}9gA '?nWr7Ep蚬q9gfC"|޽q{-gD?X_x\gt~WpaO9i3\spz7G<=p]9:oNvl_Ec#d\U)4 kCx|8m:8_gSl X\n|w[u,WA`\wpl?r-5{<C o Q3[WW|=۫.`[Ev3ya[;O>M+Ox 6ۋ[3[H-oğYu>lKmb?qEM .oaogXn6muEu}>uOg4/93#MZNwևm%r/yv.'o~f>9-ffOۋHOŹ^[ɷ.ufg-Ç7~ɪ*c7#8;ʔMc9u{LaV9[^:Co+0g_ø|Fx@[˰>3{hM(*=Su [7Vhk1;`>Mg`[gn__ԍy2T\___ݽ{wUkSCnp*nMr5Q6s~Ůqm̳eo"Eowk\3;u.{05 ݻygϞ>7޳!gݙ|~CG a_G4S[wcsggkb/_otΚ9/}rsg j`y yyY#[GtKѳ,Vzr~kO=0ƟAk߭O߷5ѳkSk{b0Aks%O/!_}|.F7Nh99OfMܹsKr.c2pv2k.XҞƵ3t\{'dqoч>{\˻v?.}f,ϒsE(m/b# `|o){@g]&|NcqsJtHY[-3ٻ\K~k%x_oEZ>b•kg '=8_Ph%v`|9^c+#"{=mM_ɵ50aKG]Xώ)*sCm-/Yπ-GxVbaeݞ:KrJͧFйly[uFǼt6o<~{].k\B'X,o[k=B~.FpZZo|zu"ltfrzG!d9r/rI9lo6:ľ5-.XXLsSo6ǽ3Cx?_9_GtomLь7FG7r5Nk5k$zf:C7Mg;|OBBƠw&EXmCCgcx>}m _`{7'S+֖og6=6|{Ѿ6=5i{*JkAzk1z.ko`l}|sOֵPjq:/c{7-يgyGx[/g:;SVfC"73[b$.&v~6o׊e3;β2xRk;^Lo:';֢͖68 Qoq==]fhr4;7ڋe1mz׵⸿vl9O6FΪ^k/5q8ͩ6}>VT3-ӊٮG#{M<`"&bӀ9쭫dz;{1gqOgrFr{lbڶ5|[:g.w7\~^+X%cUHLg*'6X5| `db5~%;S{s]g>癚G˲"6UGwy&Ys: 7k iFˣ{8Sק3x^|s|hb?16gjF_/6Kϟ,>Og98q{Z+zm/:2cύ#TlMobFcen6fp~8/13cu+~wvkqyqm'ۥC}7S>?0eغl_W u;uBp8  |i'uOHo/$|זukW|!a1&L`/sb/Nl8'jZvTnEJ.X19b'VieGuֺO9Apjz|x3_+!;"Ϟ={粧#{;C=+}=zts/^Ǵ`a}:)>GDdD6 <|6# y k=s=li|~_屸!X_:9H5LXnOROV_bybX.7b{J_Wv+i|] \+W%|wF}'pu%_^]]7woNo_7׿tWw꟮;'߲n_^Ey  ,Oi  4AAG=ztmrΝO.?6)O蚜/ OR+Y>}x>-Q UCirtM^КFdLGU+gVw$1O + ,Ҙ5˃ճg҇I;QMD1xF(z]zI9Y Hӧi"+PH9{1ɓ0=W?K;KFSTCyB(s07ʿ)U \K>L_et}k#4e*|RyF΅M?̋*Cm^oפ: /XvI$}U˾Q0a+]LUe+u).gt}gy@2uJʷJeN eγ#:ofO<_GTW].UUjY6NRؔ\)zdVZ4YY}֪IJ{Sв ~E|i/zk!BZߔ!S[o+_C o t. ~yZu.`Ӹ=Õ.VҗBxPfҌO:S>W 8YO;Tʨ:IProϪ鼩0#VmNOjW:UI/$OUǑJ9p&WxEW€\2|}u`~,wq}dZ96~ѠU9玗D<_Iһ'[nuz|qZJi̅i{9:u>K^uAk-G\ [sGut߄i#49LiK^X$\ "[]as/U-sz.eꚛJg^//DHNҝ62^T]Y{}Λr|\+`#}0|SٲzVjMXiJf]H㰺1׷}2.b2?;ODnsËGJu /6q܊ jT^ђ4n ϫMUK yޝ:]y=MF2Z0zV}!!,)wOЭP^/1RՑƗY}Nn_]A_9U~n(49G=H{Ғ#|Z+l_yR~NOjW|ٿkPr ^9BH|[o~OC:33 yi׉88)X)Pk /4 l|)USXiy~3?:sdaRhsNFxZYJ;>x?K5xQ}gu"ZI eH*VG#fM<-W :oiUT0u'˕5_+{֭ 9tKsDuMּU~@N_ښAS^]tAd!6/7$.UuudJfġ:[Ҕ$trji'} P* TTy4ChU {=R9wJcYOM5 K/ar+_id,뼥]V}}(O r4pK])_ٔ<+sy+VOCw<ֳFjTܕ;z5<;#&EN6yOCx< 6"iꓹ+~4IJ@xکys#$6^meg G%xOCxˣBK4 [5X?Ks *۾(<Jy5(ͯzYKOC3H5nDRƵݲGi#*m #XIT&Ňwvޝ  OCAAi  4AA  AAi  < AA  AAxک>^;ہ5HG>}Ũ<ӦKT}+FIMԠ铕/_C.%iy1MEHL:Sꬽא ,!^TdU%{Y{ӦKgj^xŵrfIÇ4O[ڋO*g<6]syPxT\^tR]B?9_魴<Zވ^ߥ/ZoђpI7n*aC>͎nb`ٸY&;B 4dd, L;UA7m>=7M#< }Ͼ{yx`iw>bҘ=>L_CA߰su$Z4tAM{OTB= ,ڒE#uөəqՠހ)>hv:/TfVG(ӠLv(ߎ#<=倎п7aIxD̾wܬn;; FQҢGW x<-(Xt5vO;dJdջUoȉ [?ŘZ4>fGoum8V-g̹<͏>u@V#t]m{C77ANjs\RT&?[[v|:uoB:}6d.ymǟ^àw-yz5iHUzx_u!0j~zZkK7lOuV;SMcDž@7β<~QM3y>hYT3K=}+{kW;P[vyR,9#L.ث  s@L n{Wpv^(FyAg=6 6;U(iiQb%OcEX#OS64g 2WouůL^ 4}%DU_4t PS߬#*s~/{ql8?K}?L5滧*Ǩ铜XR:h4XmZF K?zxpV{}|b.@ !u @.F߿h{&j,U ꟥A'LJ=[6]|XMJ51+FPn:LTPRث5$Td &nێu:Ӫ5E[_66wMQmQr}Ƨҁ/+ZOYߺ6Mt|}'oN}R R&tR iS_8 iק?t&#9{T(X$|mɜc{7P&lpt>Z'plkr)CVrNW{[+!]V~M+GMRn=+hVykmE4Yy#Lv:4$THnDZݶ?[6g9rA(Fb5#O O,WLvegߦ-a5|36vG^+`i<vOۤbӶWQ4;0-I[mF:&V:iLvS"n,!Zu1p2L^ME ȋirh<*} O;QϝigЫ*t~6OigЫ*|*ѣGgϞ޽{CAvɓ~/}EA5ʟ?k{tYw}toM#~MW?O;7 n?)}믷n>Le.KW/xw/7>%]kkMOZ\tq΍ AAV!K|LsYUz(^$]\eGtA'%3I#&Q'?Izo|J^7)xW*d*rtOWJ5Sү牉iyRՕ>OwH(u ZxZcgϞysz: :I|C)M"$@"R`tYf *I&N2>E~O OQKTxrL#M*+CY}#)o[e%D(=њ=z>L7Fj/=AYRL&tqXeJ˯n,Kٝ_Kǯei1O)OYX(%O,+pO}/ŅOb*H]k=x&[ݻO\OCA(UH`xR4I]Z ٳO+颲\r+0lUihtt PFC AY8Zxo[Ӫ94&^^ O+U5 D΁ ?9c~3VTM.}yZ&ઁ!L s?|/Vi/XaU֪5OD߾ԝSAkt鶸! K}ieRL| T!E"?)!TC&SVUC~,?E9?%P,FQkmAd'Rr*C]J*OxfG̤34߬ ?)L&.ߥR O#Bgx}/Чd[ Orv4nax DI.QS%LR Rtk7R}-)Jo3aD rP>װrV˟>OB1Qvj>qAؤK%s]+U/A>=IjM]7 )KLg/簫JT/ТxG߹o~_%W_}׾tA_/aף60\B-:/Лʘ^nn ҷRF^Wv xZK+d I:Zjr"I*WKJ*UKu&l;O`F-Qĝ2zU^y)\ ?H^DC>| >ϼz#zqfSj+˔5GhI҃u}tT3$ahMLڮ3T<-W%U-K[Y93+O:\oWޤկtEEN1g7]I286 +NnOQar[W}:ּƒʓwIĂ&UV]jg0ӪGx%U[VyVYO|BX*zEcPv Ҩy5EH[Iۚ ddd'\LI&?E%r:vD4X}_q+oɶy]"+ ik[iٙa5y9.ُ$uůY蹄a8ʋ37_KBZ4=W}yU[ܣSV%HڠVis.])of215gyޗ];OnP@s.yV%$S-ɘ/CYx(:yѱbo#Tl[Q!{7)d(zk/hrV]T밂`URt-:T铪T5Ƥ8'<#TY}VgSk-KV'>'xR46P%,V-gP`ZQmFV6[ܢJ ^d59d,\|֢AVUaW߹ ,|An* M|VaUu dujx ^]ɧ ED}tY=:M1;:;ӗ+Q|fG ațqR4O&5k/q{=4M%}Av9^7%ɢB\jq֑:|,lj|S<3H9RBg;MG(0-MTfݎ?kiu)SwҗM'"c4G?,y%uf[>jp(%i:V ūiu;"E)Y_IEy8uUKB'ߡHaN ,y8e?q[d;~"[ELR;*KdF#8U"ѿ3#l u J:R?sWV[|NުoJZʩ_IF:ʮyp3OEsUriˆ!E- jX=TCZiYkykUWu϶s.QXUHճfiB,7u]:ωc\)tx G9}Op<>5ZRNe_vA`.aH‹M%*[rbe;>x>T`ĕu9Rƌ\ )iEYgt) P0&Qx2d?9jDs*(o~QrrB,9*[Nj)KʅMuRV&jFr,[\mەŮ9ݰTjtzF9nZfGj5jvLQ>85aةFVj JU}Ycz/uPDHr:7jP]&Zag ޒ8|XM.|}R|iaq܌HUQjGIWK0#j}-3&)]>Խʬmg]yk]3L~Q]*xP}ݴ'2G@~ӏ'a}Bcxz_ 0V <22eͭT:HMvV=R}8{Iu 6"uRn|g<[IߞȪQ^tjm߶|~F&,~>~wnm{zV(-G݉\OyH]#??v2}i4ITE ?'9j o[W D6G^V*koz}M*J׵(ukTM6:iԓ#nޝamiiL #v1&gB;GNlo'2:PL6?}F'O&NJ TPՠ-u ǰlyST[yQ峒TaXH8YHo՗_~yRW`t ]>d6S2͒E='5/Jj>e,'ԧmKӚy9SmRGR;޴gr_#vB)UBK0&op,1$~ѴTz ,Kiv3}_WFfe2)Fí))D-E-YӗoUN!`7o~}HWse o }cZy0VR o\@:UU3o])_&`|NT*3@ɽĻoi7/go~sĪR7~(IGCHB~u;'yT:^3g/=JFEp)#WsjsZw﫫6*qe)S#VB-.Ư7k)՜S/C_zB>@kfd2],O}S2SUC,LL~k.h+nTFl'90Fb+:puEb,+n^ܨ0t9PUWUTuus<9Dw'y#6a9Re>U pWNu/> L=q<\w{>3Y9jntKm<EG쎜Cçs>qȼꫯnؓD,CާJVK?nܿ:45hӜFyD3[f]յ)VVCi_.a,?s8̒-ty63v31b>-VKg O<8KkAIy(uu~HjXK" oM9yڋv2d)oL/Y)Y)RKߦNs9̧\;g&9Ͽ(Kb~,Yy, +AUGrd9yIߛly_~ )%67҇S3 û.._Kԙ]WI=Fnu"9VF$y;LfEPyR_&g⪾IW#6f _BD[ymsfC6,>{ns,/]Z1Ht+XJZz/D;i']Q\򌿮C[cArY)>43 ҉H)S;i-wm.1KƋxN+]PJ3*W\@[>}ŴK?O]Sߊ4*{ik}pY]Dǫ:2-# X-ErC{z`9Z0_ =lyuW]y~?}ZR^4uEj iN:^,+e!-Iga!gKk_:&msAi0mxɟ?ciQj;{Zx6Vt f4ZhN23e,9YYϤi*9-Ptʘj?ҊRgSD<-9kL1fD_''ZI U|y4J9R}쫓g/<}~Wa4I5{V ^Sޞړ|=|0]ɓ˚N;YY( {+*CS5-mNEj,Uui'a =(|XjQuU-4j%Ll T1v Y.F% TBKKw"mm'r:Bӟ'Ic~']Ou@6y}}}݋Ql>[dIdqh7mj- ogi 3O9eْkJ>;>}\ OSG]VtIm;JAA&IWIżFLSN=G׶W%1YoŎ٤C`R+(C˙}Wgԟ4uQ rWn2f A?Cenݫ^_:h gzj*>u95$'UEReKT9)-SW]=g.Y%wnѣəV}倗ZQzl`u3T5 IӴi~6/D4Eh-le \]InY(EVYGm!c)@vfOY<ѣGU;wܻwf3I OK`a٪a|FPҒM&ykOv^դĞ\秓^>d԰sY<ٳgE`j'0a{dsxhV4(Տ~ {ډ;9=S[RVpB.SRT*5@q~z?*]?~nrh:uN{dH!]Yb!ƎGTg6=/+PڃcAF^)>bN)2ves5 ;lAѯVO։N*yBeMv j= RѕŦdQUߝ2"=} ;r`<qa Y{aL[)_0nT knQ'[SX`s#]8YLN~JpWXۧ . u[2rt9lҮgI9X~O3Pi&RN)8e䴾ܵ?hbJOѬ04`QE=M\'' ѕ `fΙN+ Y8aRuQ::U #XR0(Ed9x,jw|>.efI]#J==)(:UUt c"E>AP>+֋q@D,G ռ>ʼnyDskTiTQ̫吴jwI쉼u-Ld,< }-ڵsd^ty_uMRl:T]OӢ*-Sr6-%u0Ksn(9nFVMP&E)It.i" eϭH?~4A331]QdQ:yz 4fEMNN/3YO#o{e}R(< AAI"4ec{4AAx  OCA!  4AAx  O[|-AAv)~gϞO?~}}}]*AAxѣG'z8ǏAAigϞ*s.Zj  K"i?~~AAv)QDϮnAAi uQK޽{4AAiuQS4][? AAxBΝ;&OwInA]\tɓ'ǏkӧOAAi좖?I M@qWCA  OCAAi  < AA  AAi  < AAF%  AAx  < AA! 쇧}J`!Zpx>MG,, MxfI"f.r"{wp)Fnb&0 ,M&U_m jw}|_wuUu>9M /}8M?w> MgOoII3444444444444̈ɓ߅?|^^^x}}m544̎Ϟ=&ŋXSu u)0Eϼz~4&frF_CClzD_myMѷ4k\_VeRτ@DP\]]Rzw;΍}h+>>/>W{#~&4ju{P"ץ86~>BD_C#I_Z'j׸IΫ'8} ^g> ίK@PډRzGmOϠ5[G°a[QcphF}@VuiDsZpiV+Nj86<eW9IMSjjj pm>q;|$.U[` D7]l -p<9.c{o>H54 !Dž䒱wPˠ5EbVXuMc\\_ ϭqmڷ*VaY/xvg!Ynǔ<ߞZ:]*8>/4>a(q:(!sd&^ۋPio A^[>;e{?{闔pIkyj=/%.}9E'u< l5Z_+PZF˜Y_/UC]Pb,/9>dtΩא,!`֥ח9/{[HkvٗcѼ9gkox?7 3sͶ|.Wdy޼lj^5_/`ooL[[YGџ ^:: =_ה+޳G'{<1{}_))vJ} R!JJmW3YօNLkfZ>VΎbs\)8xj{І@k0H]Q|=o~uBcӉetb||2W['ܷٗ9F_{g'Nb;&b:N<")˩jRV|y2ؚsoJwS(?m?KIPPSYץ(u"{NՉC2Gt`=:CZp^l:6eG:1U>̦,@ugurMcw#xRL{COs~~-L璱Ocz]#=ؔzмNUͥ?d)TZfB=Ζت?q6tFr9+ Q#"k+Sƶ@2w~Bky(N\5u[ԊEJY^{clWAb(׹t-qi>_Ϧ=Jo>Z8R*۶c8C6Em& g>'N\_S9.{{Ϸ,r3fBpF;.5jo&>vpva6y;$Z6}rl\;3&w`zKJ ܊R^|t_O93-#G'9'o(7p)5ߞ~=:(eRer0>Vۄ:m8F CEF5$tlW=Ĕu轎kٯ6m<(cG|#VZΛ"=B~vgny0]zC:_ɫa;>,h)睚,Y]1&cW ٗ˨_PֺMX Ka9X?-Rwzͧv+Q߽w^es1Tf=K.V#g>Z?YK7jPlYX{m 7殧# =W~7:7? [>>;i?|zV7 ggMp{{{~~Ng;/_?' GɳA{@o:<4W^D6gu6h/..ɳATօ1s>\NgR2O8 d lZ6 IF5 ~Fr0٠P' Vj#A$N4k#96^R$`<$P qѹHcS_F[햴/ՙ|1o ?4@9ړ%GLuB1M_ Ymt.yt THY᱖4 K3'm6wi]٠`vUs2w},\"X;_rx:fPxHթ0״KW!/T2cV}U0Nu0I3t9 ԉub|7K5o\g'Ӵ-Ʀ,r3| Poe"L{>x}`Fa #$^q &#_猽 ϔQZ6IcIaaEzfm_U||OG*`Gc9lģ$缣T!ʵ,Xz!Ԩ3U<(݉ҥmPZA`Ty&{ײ"<շd,HINܗ -ņh?ˉ̍O)q<~L2fLOE?zGR,@ϑtҾG/9yv6695&'5D g\}eH+)1w'#-T٥"MyD6L. ,LV ;%3Ggbk:2vD|5"eg IT"q'%]ia1"23rMjRLE@)}wx{;|5;-ONs9o DKZ=ϕ<+$8\$JThF:LW_e,#iQ}#ْdFBP4)w;f &?'[ B$ś`a0)9W#_e _㪈G"!x_xZZPsb\us:;ªh$6b%I5d9WEJW5>xԏ.+'鹬zW'+NGeCGW*+J{ zQX+ ~%a@2 mnx`P6yU҃eB!.A~yVkQ*1ҳ94"doqE#~"73<*Y 2#^*w*_eR -ioU4bln^56GDkUo T2y6ofi)\WQf!BUL@EJ*1 U^k2PEjm*#L 2CgSwnн.IU;3PNG  IHDRJm$<sRGB pHYsa0PLTE999SSSzzzhhhUlrIDAThjAݦ*Mԃ!Ji(EEԋxV/A!bע%K/R EA66&&6; :Ca>fٙoH^򒗼%/ye=h~"ޗ8>]ԌJFiU6 /lv4 &ϯYH{M%f4jSzLg 7{7OX}ք{Cy'"{;ow8j6{u9uh2w r_ lPgrW"&p$G~;;Ftg;u]ϰ+pug"睠[@5O=̈́dQOs<9˦;ڮEΣbGG? =м;/,6şPY 7ȏ^Qg87>{{*}y_t]|v)':k~35lF݂:YLmu]aAAo{zADUT):U SE@F o*om Ȅ+$ |b^I)[2n| \"y'&5й$/yK^{ m.`)eIENDB``! ANWӌk RiAVN:%x흿GG9;888?BBT nUפ)A*W. \x6ծ?fV/|ծ~{nb>0hʈۏώ2sO7F_e_My7ϟ5Gƾs cG>27@?oO¯cfcnOKyu}} 0h Xek^ڵ `$k~cX2Lvl]\\`,wl:6 .//vvfNOOQ V_kϷ89m&WT-ޏQ?iSȣuPQ^}feﵙ洌/GOcϊr.\D6!o>e5JߛPr Wz_CEikcNj{.j2;޴rO9}LJ[h{#9t[Ĩڶ}Uknj"iz>n (߻׭C9đv~v:29mjulϱ|VkN8RˍNBjkP#Um\iv~GmzDqS?nsbfĜS-geyMHlqDCݺ!Ut l2jiR4Qո@kWwq'\CnG}}mQESq8s]}9s)wn_3K y)8Ĝ,nݶkИ>SNqQL+f.68#Wڙ[sN7kHW:=>V.68#Wc'ۯm{XGXٯcbC#)ؘ8ܞ?j®K:ܺ(&cNњژfqsuEmoQIe>wα򶡯9#q~/E8o对sE1..{ޡX~Bm9x|y[\,T[w}_7ISkwI52);s-?>"󆔋ac]J.Ű16WQ]+ǣN@Z01OScD^\\2LHOjaz-=)WFqbbZlojd8FeDdM}Ib&ׯ07@ 6rn 3CyB'ry83èEg o3ݒ !6[KvGG(ű 297UL!{wW||,VzfhS|slXAP-úm QrY^Ul{edr2F݉D:g;(qerX{M, R }O;bvf{I7z_]CI7M!g"F[;gջmE 7$-/;Z53Tp{:3STPaFZJ:Խ$V,qɡt1SM}STBe}>X RddYM`ߍ)M̰y4HPMvɆKAˎfف) ]>"@Oe;$XN%sQU\^j 2Xo:0~S;32+Yd[Fǩ͝]V'i?Xo:0~S;9 U2H;NGZNK:^o e/S7c,ItIS Y(ke~[)m{=nw^Y|Br=Ct.oӽG/?~'}[=ӟ4=<<`0 `0 `0 `0|`u `0 `0 ͛7ϗ/^\1.`0,&z/_b\/O>#}N}sTj>_+P:s0zk>( }x5VٸsBww. i>_۷υ`^l3cN.Zp 7={G$[zv !Ftt?tQٳgğ_9x_"VθGBw[IrldcɭFzGJ> s<&lO8CG,CGze g X=lr3#Ĝsp_~}h6*^gG mNuHS=lHv 1Ƀ=h13Gg:5y-~щ[Xc}&ז1't\3v}P !4zDdc$ وZdR6lmk8 h{T¤8gwu-z&8g6#q$a@h}8)? Ή{G)/#[q6OJ˓=Z-a[KbZ,] H}S%r89sqaäRW"Sd;*!#kJ>KI}ɉ7 . '\"[3H~L #VFEv{ 7ɞJVdZq)]gGk{Z+][)RCB*3i6&#'z[lGzm^} 1xyފRS~z؅ѰCd>XۓO69qklvg4X1!9Fח=,}#虰`/KV,lz=(wXbo"G xB}hAFHh}]No1kdHL6Gף%~ M1gsyZӰ%/['mdl=nќb >R2l ?~hE| 5zo{^K׷>Iܛ!,,n.u7xX w0F݌\# u]{!\ Q1:5ɑнf |ܧ@M;%>EޖP>LEC똷1leB5! ;mak $˹XߙڊAGz9lTlGYaw"9\-ʹK5߇-Mq]b[loŌ bt+fwJe3;. YAJHZoMb־Y<-ԨrN=JKSq9+2sݹvE#9XRߒ#9;Z:ɣfwreΘ;ckZN^!h;ҏIrj]:G;v'VüZR9Z6JjJHAhbJjd=(Y9s'Cd=y:}VZgRk:j_bټ%3R=;N|L[lNȇ 6^;Tڻ&{JU> :'Gb䣝չ/vY-vĜܞ gTeOCD9[OT,k%{caD֏z{s}F[8c{.l'3ɕb3/{ZK R^Z{< ˓idjVr>{H^SX-qSrqOι/ּgh[{9c+%v=ds{v ʌN΃hewR%*{w%y*\콾c }'Ǖ?W#֫ߏN9ƥ5E){ۤY@JsRۊ rK\cȖkiWVGԞئdB=I%2Bw]w Fİ*HgHP3_=9|V]CjlrtĦyȑQQȌs[k3r-#%[:ș\Gz΃^e/6ES59$G&GX(,nY1'YgoɦSg9:bwf9;%#ː vHL%3"{rHE^\G&9z#ly˳U[bW,~ʝuF9`[749BɉL ֔q'GfO#31d=ԱgTov'wr,}ͩ?u/)~-s{}t_tLI ^ڝ#:ɝk[F8CU<;Bm{} 9ή> h]س nk#B=Z[u$'7긆#{bebŔl {} }b}Wc\X}}[?=B\cw1^zYRK𦥌LUbҚkR] Ήu$)F⇆֑7x?Mh]R*3G8R/kG-ۛgH;ΑU'qFxzo%}!3c^;f |PW@ņ=6>Dcj٧6Wfq\GQ<dx DGKԜ_o=_0}L8k9}j;a^d1~N̕?Btg0lXՙuk]׽'Csr? Pgr8 BWk c>`0<ZES{Pڧ Gb/l,,bNxOZ0 -?c=,8럮Sӟ?Ϲz~gw\~ze[wZ&gM>[~@#`@  m l@ `@  rz_xu?c@m˗/1 ;O>SAr/'+铘3 3mZO#ݚ:z>kqMK~N[zm]I+W6h6`ҏ`[-اObzZ{vl6'w]u³gܯl_AE|U`իWԱg^^ȉ H'uљDZX5$6'T`۱ ѓPrF5f<] +Nfэ/5^^E=3Teͧ6'FG!(ÇXݽOQG>OM{p[brr< 9sO>l!ͽ_SjgHAp^'wWmOx8[PKf}y8 GSe8W`Nz7!\G X5t']%E1: ?`A ux|][ɻ6R|ܥp|{9۪Lz- 0,F;+>rw;: jSևK=n ν^Z+^͎47@lqDh&܏If )!١7~]Wm- 3' ls/{='vdgM_76=&eʷcQ$3ePaT[kmI6v\)=k$3+/&G1%\F4A&z)HkbGMORwΈmIۊ>ۦ?)u|rRnl?gʘn9?"da]7v"'}Fl|m42`[`/(a&7>xY>C2ߞsoW9ӔXԩmOƜ'5Mm6N8O$D̷& 5跥'~[ߦF6bfF v  gwq.O_NϷ'Mls ^.+f,߶Qm3)7nLƒ|$8߿ض9a[: m\ɶڷ,a`3FC7{SXޒ*]Fc\lGUچ؉hַ'}:l3uI3}k4ǑT|"~FIwcf։i3&jRͶa\!'!x\lKOzǑK` FsnVwvӎQZxl3swU1dF cog]%%چsׂXZ"7"ZDn:Qzg8Q:mzp2G܍/g:&ߦ# S˩̀1IgfzفǶka1 澎;#uP55"UMQ_>0%s͵gg7u}h_a}Zt լ_5,:#[8cCn[gƞ=5چ%Z-§tc*m IoCm3F,j%Xe&(q}@rD7.[[Ll݈ -Li "l;xp{sJqC4Ħ'Wcn;v#`n`G)-{_\Hkvtӻ lKf c[>qI{g)MP½B(uY0[ZMvT%̶ah·b6@D^1?@7lK.ebn'd r 0Lۆ],, $3I}*#MSQLRTNHiPNG  IHDRLi\sRGB pHYsGc0PLTE999SSSzzzhhhUlCIDAT8cO`"vy?ObRIE%%%PKD8?d?tq* $2THbzO  g?>.e@PɃ~(8y jMA*>bZ Hd(H؏E2\zZ>Д`|a{Le_A"f*[?_5!aX҃_$Eن`Z$e q B|ܩ{?َ//TǧȜE2OM^IENDB`n^4('.nPNG  IHDR;kGsRGB pHYs+TIDATx^g_n"{Q(lD`XKc|Q?ԨD0hV4Fh(3jlQl(vc-Ǽygm{wpwΜ9sF]_ ֩80#"@Hu@:a+5B rl:A rl!96@@ 9N؊ci BN['lűFD4!P'DX#"F"Ƕֈ#^z%hѢb 0"ɆG}4nܸ~iȑ3gΜ5kʕ+Ǐ_.b!60Zb9ٵ=)@ rl0N0aƌqu- s뤩{ȱmHdժUӧO/'N8v*6T$'{0=#쳤#f3gZL#Mh^&ZH矿l2 }ףGꫯF9څC`ٛo+m0Y^*Ν;(b}C{ȱYԁx>qww[}STl@4{/I'6=4{/؁U@4{/9@҉MDx D;cS_a^§zj;#c\!967|sI'=fns~l,BkD?dMR8y z]8V7o^+.^B %) 49H|Mb3r1/ZB }"_}]wݫ mV/ꫯN6m=5\gA XG  '$ObìCʱ||%\vet"m?ynۏ*%f_|;V3z7ƌ ;tZ1']/袛n oVb뮻s[lE6c|nsf箻n7Nm&{9[g /SO=uQG}՜KwB'5e=/_3s}Gy$^oo@fd=vXHhklE{?9B~R m /;/9&1E0BA@ɛڍ8D_,uAl\fjX84#b@B: mg0_v1e׎9` w&]yk,>975iF<0?Rvj>W|k\$K}ݧbR  jRG0@S~駠kFnڿQ9V|!p&du"ik&liگ.d6o/=ֈ*K7bjR3YRiTM6kpW ÈWmcj,H+wiƺ*,5[,m"Eu^zB,WTs`^S5#~wLO0;6uь˱ՔB+Ɔ(cl,"z@Tb,{WE-+r5YQW3ӃfhF~{gVhF, #)bVL zG [0aZPe e1!i-}׿uUar6ЌLb5KϚ-Ԙ<ִ{m&[(ptN~ M[S w̦:kJ=H[HXd1/qX[kQř AÎ/1 ~vơʝ0l|S5@CQ9S;f$WW4dӌlo ǚ aZC'% L.v a&N؇4ӿ# Ux();:9eƱrTV"H2>+Ib- )@'CBy^3j咭f(5뢏%YQO s<]Ŋ3FWmJ^ ?%fX K3qZl5HAUS3jZh>^WMoή ]`UCmhifJ6PNԌñ25 ><[j[^"#eKҶa+`f=X(&6c~*9* bǓ.|y#`<]!uֽ5-سs`%G_ Z9Դ/Ƙ " g͎h-h+>aInJоf.XGrr׫ [c$\a+:S~Щk6\Lä%aPe DmxCiƌ.'TNqC㧝v7:n+fm7e& lƤRc fBR tt\PĉAC=vۑ5%' H:S0h1$/_n-(ඟ{qO;r&|/96"j0uJNz߸qؠ-!>&0$)ɈEM7t6Bj믿o~IwFYղ*n-/U8zh_Z,^zi :ӻc%I.5eʔ>ۤ5Rd]^i|~<@o-֨fU$F3Bbe]rtyz+Ѿ~%; kҌzE! blb^|7@{w~B'G}W_=a+i̫{@! Cc,-+:ng] ܹse^KmxT_UE}FQ))rˣcn=ϴۊq$ n ES*r+R0!-BH8 rKͶ%*+t$4.~hIvۊ1"h]Ԉ<9F[Fm:^ch2"URT9.0 @(VAL?:ԉ(Bp[!S (+DHz4"b$\*\|4쫓 ȱi?0P"(>(4czP[ :%ҥKsM? eP5$E{1irbw(XhBb6) rȱj*G5bYԢ q*ᨤ4~pc]ֺVJGjAhBQy %XT HSt4)4V-=1vXƚ,|@n:aJ%38o~i[خ c9\v hnы/Tka6rKK*` &m]V 3BؽIc;A_2>I[c[Ekaqi  {]03'lr ]Q2+ܤ;2d$[` ?qPفNKI1 iX*g 2wuת[ٳg?{| L6ePV_-~φAL23IFJXrf{0Yta?$m9]Ļh@E[ԵPݢføKV($gK?\:cc)/HÀ{Y?Gg O/, cƍe^${|qk ,} S;CJ^XNJJC*QCIZZ:)&3T+ ]0uՂ<A⮶(dHZīIvJ0(udaiF.Y3J-OQ>'WR9A:nFvEXb?+Y=/C v=EUd9d.696)_(Ūl.M*G%HN/4N~`0iT t '+1} H*7VtT.oV4yJ& 4ca7x tNQ6AjJxhN7lK" <:<䎝 2d)L 󉍇*銴`{<lFtA^Wtr !~ێX0(oDz ec> NA|#89i[5Φͤ"d,h'["mƂqlm 8A 8;BIF9띖 !XºP<ڸ6DApl <κƉ{A|`Hv$ !^M&O޲.%4#+W`"T:k4+.nIU+h  _t~`Nɽ할EqiX!'/XHƾ@>,X>rBdb2}Sx". (Z,0p 6mSbpB`2c̚5EQ*dv6ҰG2Nk"T'*Cږy=HGmV,ZБv >kBȱAlQAc{]Af"p+!ޢ8@ypdyҧ6?D9l<`  Fȱ@>R~) "u 쇞z RR,B0H@.XUyWl 2yBEBC+.7je,&o1V2 L%^lfd"@#HE'|  t(` %W[&aj\S2O@Rς6QEA6>|f-M#oS v岘w>J6cJ"#ӣͧa9eWECfBE5bԎEVI΁hbP(ص9j$yꤞ*>fAmMXV ssӯPYIi%xbvĄz>Ә JŮ]K5FT XZq:VXV$/ј-LEQ)Le0[ځ;Ma P5#ʀHnMI@32lXX^&9̼^Rf|pӊkSuXq` #jF~kmo,zB}IF°?+=|TU+>0-X{cM^}%xkx}5{7M'I즖7"簋ޜz r &xk]GY7^p}^*# E9Z@Ue'0qv=MC]g̙%DGrL8S{OA n`ӿ>A]D2[H@+F`Zr!|O,Z$T}RVDؖUu^KnAx8BZDfޛ&y ֘{ wâRg@%HVL(Uà`&\*of#;.u*M'TPf()Ao <ӭ\!J $^zTGԷ<{i lu5IAdbqVn %3fQg%mʔ9$#VlM;4)?[ 0HQ$MݩfP |$NCN/*2] ޫn U2RK/5V ASO© {;gJ[)tTq0NmFgn`9QVc47-q2:/ FgRW_KyU4 uy`0.^#"RuٲegQ2RSOż-7|)իuG  Z ]fR\<{GqƬJaHvd:dV׎zkC6_vx8LU0k`:6-[Kχ|V+7ذ+ UZS 1v;W`-Z on6%N2>bE -W5cNk\l/2XF89vm"I(d A@1akg"/PZ%7yaw[Eqd~T# 6W~v:vCK!A,C !,\܁;;;7]3,K-Df}}b___' fO9i-SgvEC@^fyl[vƄNhi{i팩Kd\Dwns2@p)˺D ~gZ%ԫ:!|ww^WzSGK?˴dIM,ڄ^Rه#hdbۗqVҒ+U x=pQGVY~G U} ]E'n;:f(̻ -p7!Hr[ ruGq/Lݏc9W {W>:Zg]Anj };AOٝIENDB`nwW-(gPNG  IHDR=] -sRGB pHYsod IDATXG햱iAϹN(DA#^@CtzπF x B@DA'usV2w>9'9w?Zf^7?!7tH$tl6[*>#Fٜ :`0? v9 v;rioVӍb1DF&iZ⃳ P&ob~IH׋b2Fꛓ24*t:qZBn_R< vp,z@htE{N㩫]Ro ge*qɤp kH$o>оRF>r9)fbi/RTׁi Cz;#ɱ @v+Pj=LGڕsQÇvGr.WYԉG,rZ\jz{͆L=T7gX,om><})m"c1)V4,*f Wb_Xz|-u1jdzOpugcl[k4K;{ݦW#:JkP57M E D:_)F|Gm.U ($LH0w\TL{{9w+W)yZѶ<.tK}s>y"W?^zYnRezXgy&o裏Z[ibɈ C07BLlV &"gywyT3fK;v[| /qZ!`̍yӉsΝ ^\5\sW:G7|#<2q:C0 F̛6V#Ww'y׋% ? 2z 毿6e'k<1aesFf!0M'F~SO=US/ 'xbÆ BgϞ+N .CVMsFc!0sySfB0\-睰c_B\[eoy|Igq6RBXu9ĺ]śMꫯ8T^V!ADt.|Bq7~/R޼S2ߩڵzV ewmug/^5@5xS O2.,^ Iu4yr*R>09q5:S<a2 f9Kt 7M#o'|駟?Q`(_>.RiӦMrf=g}/-Ur%Q$LYJ6I4~ݪkQO@=ڴOٔw'SRz>)K¦=_=\Ty$!rI>dc%} "+ 3op%> su6T [\d7@ЎR 4e54"#m/J-1iRW~l^䆡:NZ@V4G9 ޠfª7 Ra72hP>50#4M.9T2ee9޲O Sy2<^M! \o0JI0re. eSs"X"V{\5B+uD %E`z(%]YJFm!q,I4<(.M0ðIau3[ ވ)EP!,dԷjFM*>+&%U)G`g$& i}X 2 Tcye%$ O8 )δ[fԃh[j,H'pe c~c=dˡ)[tKx{]b9,wi_|V՚J4IZl]hNu֍r5ȰS0#U$| ȀFtRQ6jVvsD+YUv<2n.H%BC vۇ 3M<ȇz\}Y>kp$3`4)G~駼_%kBWy[> v)#&rg(P0W#?JFmݦ)^OʨҀFc i:aAX LWxV֯ϒV鈲5uZ9RJ&:4_~e`]ӨFvc12ޔÀ%?TTICQXIG:&/~HfGeFBc;.-} Āp )v.B)C|@X\qe;-|a(YM'/yP.PN~FKbŗ_~xf<)FK65\)2~ -ٓðIa 2+ @Dsqo[o7I}+bDٚ3Iӡ0WJdSǓ&ɐgFxQG)(aQKeȔ7 c*وC,9K '.S LpEwS."~,ä|D$!]Tq)U1ZtX6'#H kPJlDٚE?klxP| iph(럒2bBj \t2irpS+3Uz1,MLֿa+4Ŀ?WjzMB"l,v ~Bij40ʅ>ˍMG T{} /U M:_aASW|nݭ e@I-|MM pG/!m 5,ޛ$LwTM;<6hx2xRfxwܷY4p7 XkKaj:cRԬZ;+I|_j?NzdFM[-qG8x8+JP?iM]{r vr4tz5^BW.cW )[MB mmOʨRF OO{o+J(Ia 2 *A,}Y72O?NwM*sΉFX`H8~3lٲ%\ jVqW?(T(2"Jr%%^\)e #:VMKP~k+)A#ʦ馤 D PR&~ͱ%DG_= /o"KIGpE \9!?0+;RO?d5lKcsܕm\jħLhVEz/ ].pe!J/΀cK͒?-[EOϥ\te z+HYW5ji\QH@ww*Ld$od8~ _L>>K/ewS;_筣 VHH*1N!ˈf_Dm0}KVY>XUuyO($A9l\T;H:؀$ bpHjȉX6|Q#olȷMuWj ;EU+^jKIQ6Wh$ :}IBWʷe՛}\Lyud1,q͑Y<]0KW5O͆o4]IЪ@@9e '_^ ܌jmJ}t~OѨ"P}Pa|]U {le,IdF)}F/Y<+R=.Ossҽ#-`En6(0CS;@& yf4;;( `4Wg[3>V|:frFjgU64_?p\a no0Qsߍ6Hm*mԛ=t쩻'dǴZ}C镔"rG,ʲ!h#l#h󸜈Γrlo+}Dܸ֝/H'@OX |l䌆д=jﴭS`X s4{xkٱd@ A Z YƗ|'+b1җrc2ȦE XN|Nf ݐZ@h޽Wm۶n1"M?~jgC_yXIᆫ~}/k̨|Ň{As"Jǜ[4&W ")Ϧn!8s,#,um*EMesjU< jФ֦~LI\قq>Nʊ:~H"^-ß?s=8EVr\rT7kͦkK?cYwUGIVe C0B`hw*&zavYeSt$k|zY6}#?N8V0 C`*Vݛ|7xڵk_~eRudtM%*!*V‚Sc!PE`ս)~n%~*>uo)7X$|` rĉ!`#`禝J[rhkCSE,( m:j:1bC0 AV}m ߞ={6/G@s˂+o:a1WZ C[v}ر#UH͛~j !gàO#3 C"`޴ ь^x;k 6?~W2 CD V0 C8MM C0 Q̛"h C0 !`(MG!`_lIENDB`n.Y eu%PNG  IHDR0:sRGB pHYs.>IDATx^IUG?,A\8.dA]B(]8,yQ lb@ CDBJJ43s{Y\;_u'] @Byy"% {{J !h(=50I@B 4 "SC ͛=ztY !Sls7|M9C ƙ?_ZJ;wnܸqQ;wT/_&O>mzI@= 'à jŢ 7iӦJbɒ%cƌ8q͕+W2Z|ehuI={B{Ν!CI%@rOBBЁ_tR -Ţ /ի5kT4i$w^zuŋ.\ؿ:=zo8vJR@HQfΜy &v tm۶͘1_~s  /9lذ?۾};Wv?|;uT݁ɓ' z+L4 p)L*@v1mڴޮ^JLd/`O<&2ӒcǎEJ$ "v=9:_~ hOF 7),ڻw=ݺudɑϟ??Qj.$.KO?4Jps}SL1$Xx򈣍I3X>}Pkʕ{ 䕚%=L׮]#F0P/1aÇ^|W_᳔t%>螘fS河+\3g8p,&&"cUZ@D8k:Qڇ+\lkRD-(e#}FJ>ya$Ah22h֬YU =~؉ξk6 @TP|+_0}yt_=53Un߾ͿJP[yjNR\u!w޴Ĺ:tlJ͝;;?SJm(JS%x;qؓDV)k|7dgݾqF:="k)짾H #Aξ~~rBTQS7!/V0P.^qaB:f$I]o:je.3;HӃδ̛l }kzfjp73zM4BrC1^ؘ<dGy7o"4T|-ŧʔ3uTSP1 GՅZpx=ET+hq' Ak.ԕf{9kdQ` +_Og0iz^MXG傠th1|4v:2 OW))*S8.^5(,VmSL:i`rΣݘTjfWuOyƍVe'R'vVڵk {,[\5ͥN޽{p.A"##JZ3z65 TZa;sGI. G-bG2SyT8F/żG~v[@9B x31 v1JQ_uE/CG +OWF72Mdoyg8BpE|[K]N] FpwC+PYü)fS8:uO!?$W(U{!( ?{kipG0U{gE ( UbS*GG$"U4ne;w|駴:Yl5yWjfdVof^Mm8X 5tiJ\/,C㙾ʊ`֭[K!k]pϞ=sF!X%/D~#o㠇# @Cqׯ_qbDPv‹FYVA潧z#5z<Έ/9rdÆ fQ3wu%Wnih5iJfjs,y,7 U)ܴKmHmX7]RXre V|u`}H-XyBOWv8P;}߱TUSv`\jtr2iE zpjb&J4hrGi!t*\D xF*?d#Z .ڸT?fi ]ylhv\X C*> _ ('EtqOeڱ2\]1z]/:I^j ӠMTN0-fTqv.ONJQ A+i0"S#{kːfΔ및vdlɌ31OZr^adyLœ_@65,깎/ЏYVuOv )/EP3wѕ%( NlMp4K2j"6ol ={67o|ɓ'۷O>VuO>.^o /^J(O@-[ 0.\@r܁?=zݻw<H~?{,_#G$"oG^LSr_mM7o,xI?74g}9B$چIȱ}TN0!SGVKhH0>mFxj?>Vk[ +텤T 61ʹr&57n0^ ^e++[ $u&LÕkРAD_яwvh{~1L-@#ےgS%Dg" \[ēqP@@1bc;PԬhq[=QQڜYJC IvJFU_/_ UБPI=?!U)F u2J͚@|C$dį?2]K[itS] uz%N uI-M@ VСC+_Q ?Cy!)CLj^`h0aB82!t||;UZ{ǽ.bP>f63^W ȜMO? !?UE#&:::)#8H=|]-#xEɣ+Vĝ'W.p@VC&T˜a詖AHz;tBiRҥKvl('j S ZGJt_I"ѢE)tjARO@ F! HS @CHIb% [y2,IENDB`n@L\)[YPNG  IHDR= .HsRGB pHYst%IDATXG햽jbA㖒F6+m$M*;}$Ҹ6Z6jo"""I6mfs$(?s>ϯ#'7qx&1b&I^juww,Ǒ*g+oyeP8y'4M^o?aJ"[SdIq6A0>i`.M [$.Ve׉U>y9Na^\\W///*T*===i^&~obDLd%'~xxDpzo°j$>]D)=ՌzK[ER ':qSn0 X<wmk& /I0ܯpQ'?7WvV>zL&u],2 vo29B$f +-|>#D9ށYJWM^b!ێ%w6-X'WҗDDɵvĘ,' ]ui廙UaR?kXN1IĦϾ8`]u&G=. BP9_Y!⭏U奭 7`Fx7ءQ~{Z_)_ ^IENDB`n*I{nbߙ$:PNG  IHDR:_sRGB pHYst%IDATXG1qAwRm(T*ыPBi54T$ ٜd{"1sy393qƟǡIdw6E"[wV[V׻)v Z(\.DF2jSTө: R I z8˯Nڂ.kX `WFX4zɀ! ơ$[b,9i9sZdW hd=dz \x<@98v"jt:T6L0z^ 4l6,xl.yr\Ȁ_vd2z> CgK"1ɧX*M"Plk.ڵI8\s.(z%*N/'f. v,0p'ڽ(k7nP_iJbZ=Kl6*R֛ 婋p դJD84zbR QOT21_u:%qV'o'!pٌrU~_:r r ||둧]V謱X EnMUuH$P!A͘8֫_ĹqܐLD29n~@Z/[g}FZٶvG '٥YwɝIۦ{g~lIF>2h?eIENDB`n|a=+PNG  IHDR<dksRGB pHYs 3{IDATXG?kbA1ZIJIcΔ{|>g)M,VEb%{y$1ovfvv^__n]Es<]Voooonnz.,?n%fgnz]yne~/..v:Gg|>& |hNgD"!JAX,/_p(V!pxU(O6=%d@G{DRTP'950ۏ&JdYyRڶL;d2ZV "AFP}>)d<}ppPT(E#7g2ھC<99QGRD!zLIh]=H\D'z#E*G8v Wg2hSJEP:Y2C_."JYDA7%yڱ>Rm4ui;.CZL2F9W#%#1NK<û:ñXLyE,a&l|js"(Π /@Jvri0c: lgOպuʾNUDt/gBvzz0>[NKB[iwoFظu1 IENDB`n,30'$b&PNG  IHDRdۼsRGB pHYsjIDATx^OVݥ$r!Qb!Q0(1ЅV]LЌBDj ]h(DQgm23g{|s39s̙30 GF\gQ_رcb˭͆@9fFO;=_&!%cl%0zBj CS̖u oݻ}5kִ1G1d~qnݺ+&!1u pO,] YF$^|m#`~Y|Ϝ96giz_~eH/^3ޤz *2[6J'N~(Dʊv͛7n}~Ĝ={sƏTUuS믿οZ?"=%_uԥӧ+%½m6Go>BEΧ+{ W^ =ĐUW]{{L3i;' z/}i}AmܹhPw?ժ"Fu=yB)0~ƽL[P8κ7.imIXCjܓx `h QYFsolʁrv-QT#.PK$:T%rR䓱cd&MD5^oU9K ᫯Je}B9qB_x>M -[>C8\|"VH[o9$X拄2ҊW`(A 8޸Iu sʖ9rdڵ&L`n>w؁Ǐ_rez)aZQATCV%KOp}=pe`c }5N6-f={?֦ԆLV{…%!ma-.~N<7(3*dD0n7v!a<\ VT3V%wThܽxY)M0YAB"FBç%6` t1A|l \c+;IxZA~/mY#p_"Y_4_`h2,/["~4efm!.R3U!e+YNLe2..@Љ 0 F2_d4YJuE5G cg)-hj9nhgw\_$܅U}[;e5+GMVQt&Yq bgʟ98$P >,d5!(\#/M. ґ-"kDL\ r|Pir w$aoLĮZ }Q?&˵;wîhmR \+,5P24A~o(Qtӄ 3+t+_{ŮGb˪5BK;"*l*וg.-.ӑYв-27*fi/(*jVbQ83K2 J0Z /&7`.-6Ŗji~!#zIhC GoD(`l.@ Zd(؃)SECc#κCO߾}w`I/Z'OElz,*0Q񳞎}liN:W'(.9 4~7T_( wi2"Pf9%1c6l/۩m-X`Ţo]B9}> ,WM٣r^Ou(\l]b0L;\-d ";] zb܅ɻ?V(>[$Nin-h~*Bi ܅܄|z i+덈8%/ RgrTqrjWBI-1ӵD2z4#1۝.R NVNu#zs7S-)<, 'vnn-2LjNܪ5vLIֲ4,̸h/A|.$̚xZ^crRE)Y~R2-l'0@ty)%!{ԩ>=Y./y"22\k{wau>y޸ú b8.KҲ_ڵ4G} ڳ~z?4w^5x"mޮӃ՚_&ʌJ~6T#BbH7.!jƑz* 69|A.;L[~xA}9Y꠫k{aល_&ӵljP++\g˕凂iEX ze5ofa1**:hkL5A[K[ҕ >.-6O4n եHT׉8VYkk(@!t/_$!lY )[tPzQ`+aږved̾a "-ϐ(liIl"0xY2I"%L"Tnܴiq_z updX؃_&/2uBo3g$aCҥK=Ѫ02x6MxV+%_ZPpJ\kzm'Ibw-"`aʰlBrݺu*#bŊ28(eגU .ɐ_R5AKQb1x IgZ\$W7DEԳRL I875p(X,cb`]ILs|yʕ+; ge#͋/慘[lYh;"[ٗ-[gŋyg3UW  9^~DZe6w},4vD|2 yǸy~MEoVP Ǐ>;um޼ygɌ$ htwٺu+#c#W\*ĉ2ϟ_t {Q~2dhuW\VIXg\.ܹs;wQG@ÿ|/_ݻ/+[Zj>(ʾ}9}4*ᔧ.F؊sËv(]Dz\|J5j"qOn8db@k@m 7w\/p %t X=hFuo1jtj`ЀBڼQơ9j&tzQ .$[85%i2bc̚(U@Fm%^5i?RP D06)C|zj"anǖɨch4Bf*rlV=dpF-8Bz T.a>d } Bj[bh3(2pȃbkdOy!@eKY[|"#y`.̥hF͖eJnv@[c7mEbD[?HG6JRAPm|oHPhVFtH&҇Lkkq-aK5[er$2'27Ra˘r+mvo:mJM{|q&ge_[|5ץ%R\c& huT|9e /aqN%js u 9ej\ /,6CvG#ņz]Nx`^R]YP!.z'zfEf˭_Fs溔޴Dʎl6 CcKJ^!d%ھc%1Mm{ ,HW4cWʘ$*\@;^@ yʮCn|>n8e]*i{UULV&3kL\ FtdVu&/ڷTH(ڲ)S3Lj-w|.WT\Ϻ]H fQ.4N44w:uoE굴j[6pt-C–R]o)$d hZ?[;ejPԖ)c:;^++jVB1RlRwƆ?$عoK H_aRFG!)|0 lט.]Ӓ.3N#mEŠq(ȑ#&MZE)S8bF63r)y73g[ŏ~&Cӥ'Ot% Ie6ThH?B'L2ȐANf| R~:u3gJ6PS+?x GJZԥ>aI;ܹ5dA7k,_B>֝ڰaôi8G広yub<ۊVE4pV)#ɬ|SBnN0Ӌb\|Ѵ+ dnrōĥt[9)rH &U}<""!A\90\5 MKtc(x1d`g`%AꬶcA𻣹hE~c"D"SNIcTH~ *jKb/ `M^_fBuHn`RJR1:ʘe g%܂`̱o.aָOA0gCr&H"έ">ŽK{)1)@M͐~ZE4|'.%6uQV] D V_Eu+)&pl"an:Y1D湣+#SYx&=_oKVЃX){L&̏g W߅== Anζ;GGY؎N1DV[fVd b'Qujz9;2柔3cr5s+~-sY[?H]UXz3< o~K=]j^o s! a%5RxK= k>lY[ bR)gB;}w|,8&㧦 Bcfs;-C GQNF&񯞓G[dIYXj/|qƦMzh;nu lSk׮D{ωtҥQˉy0dm* p[;tm~g11/\'6S5f'e"``I4%xǎ< (80ݻ^ǏKvZ2 ( o߾3fS/7kdS*e@1޿nݺ%cJ_F#S6R e?e5/[dLiL7j (?&O[K K:gS*e@%I;g2 _N6W#4 ^Z_WL9'e@蘁>۷'bdddhhHJ%V1O258gϞ:uX, ռ,̠J(1 ۷o6lػwٳ|r_"ɯǏgq~"P#S?YS(@o0 [G.]DI&U qZjdIe@H/VXoĉ? ѣGK,9{,97nܐ|y1"ou}y;|0HpmZHٶmQN\/_ Z`ѣG ._lT3g>\z.~+u<t%#f @* bM1(V6;`̬ Eo1LЅb/+ ?C&}#ݻ]0ׯ_7mDEk׮766ƴȑ#^O/Ic#ؠbj*J'E0# *;w|!tU"w #uVȺ*ŽTa W;vF;oQy-JUOpk˟N Xy6OI9[0S*iE僝$i1)}ߓ dbAOO>#N| ̘߅?!įvp*dRQn`|Q!Wno(I֗dN]RrQ!@dŮvr+Χx'T(YQ iQKIscJ C= Ηw\~2j-G-?5@*-B aτ{YHLÏbRBcfnʰ` wb5D.N(v75ŋtAvJeU i: ]fR?)pmh/”[7aָ˄UEZ\&K enٱBfHtu8jڬqT !3Zed&ٶ?ȐIG%8=ʪ#vG;|S7 gu2Vp&'ܬ~ZZBp-9.p% !+u\RJԡ%kDV ibpb!*0Ԟ+ȸBʑEksxb; `2rr{h)ʀNilql!||b!TIjՔ{E6we݉6GI-i>>/E aRom.Y㦜񊪓.8S`T&{ WvA`z $躆x\9P8k4L+3d2^%yQ IB5yQ21j섒JWvi3Ve@(cmVXtV p.Y,LE\pO`!9rL}̎BSϪ'3ի1l2-^c8kdddhhHڵk9,O.ߗΙ۾NPzseСC=w ꜩRHe@P3al2N885~9>)GNʀ20 VeN=g?U;Y@i0e ;nݺrJE;I^ YPc؎fƺvv\LEURe`9@_+ʀ2!24 (@3iͯe@ȐLEURe`4Wʀ2 dȀF *)ʀ20 hdh+xe@P2d@#SFQe@h42 2 (2/SN΃IENDB`n;*kiݛ +TPNG  IHDR8zsRGB pHYs\!-IDATXG햿Q-NBV(Z'h<@R5:NRPhPҺ?kXSsfYtzgnWV5Mv2p8LRJ~6h&u ߥcuOt"ūT*ٌ4+.v'!S6MH'Ua4S" ^'2"97, RulGH^crZ EG<[{^߉NBՊBLƐ8bLp$nENf[K oM0d2F$z^r?DE:0"#L4LR0~F7v5Ʈd2}2C2ԑD* U%*sp)!$ynNZX|XWGR#U&.cu (= H(D#4Pc"H.C$f]'`4mNPvkgZ^|c磥^1Z4}1Jc2c=~ZʢQIENDB`n<eC8"dl-gPNG  IHDR:sRGB pHYs\!BIDATXG?qAvDC+4B6t(t hP(t($(PzNrs3V\&N!sfy9Ϝw@FkdL:ڝNv{>vDNx`x3sRGB pHYsjIDATXG=qASR ZFAJGVFOCRRhj7 z~O&Lp<{72=gϋx<>gwa??>>A.],zT*ED"dF, 'N*fSROOO2ǖe)L&z}}E>V9U\ WU!?:*GR(4>O|>h8Xn7c3Bo۩TJgt:EwR  VZQ2>Xak0<[a*Ztɉ79~t:Ur`s2Dm6Uy^ږT C ה^<1[~2$ y(Cqҡ~[< tHec= 9V ><8!b;V ,`kT0廉wUvS9A6E+a*}' jj+!a%ϔ_vӋRGPsH^CȓSE_X@]f87a ei\E5ʑH0~YH2a.P&}bP>s㗉ST_yU- spN=y{{3 W:ةPp#tnB h, s' %EcIENDB`nu.v fAuPNG  IHDR?Y#sRGB pHYs5 IDATXG햽iAǝ[ZQB44D hi$jѠ!$ DtJZwJc)v&k?5oe׏/7d;w]&)ϋ%Hd4y^prB{k݂t:iHWj X,2YtlʡJGDna|8E ~y=|"r~&/`M" k4<+QS `50`b‰eW*\.^1>OvѨ!}>US' #U j%C5C)p mA h:E.ɠ-e%sUֆ~Op8 zh{rL!Jl6Nx!=J~Zy*Rb ܻ=Be Ԩ aDs!:7zY`5u`}o =Zi9fF"Upj$p5_7P mTl>Tu1CܨZ笕jJ$8R~' NҺ3e<ؙl V-km;qgЬxl6BXC%yբCkcL&C5yuM - +|>|hW\!yvJ$1@e{ב|/]y!aPQ^.48 GoLsnTKi.5Tnmпd7a%>P8IENDB`n䬊Tm5N# PNG  IHDR= SmsRGB pHYst%0PLTE999SSSzzzhhh3\ IDAT8c|`6?axρbPRby&D/>TpЀZc_Y@T(PIOA2&]sp-(Ej>},O3oj`Pd//$?O}ai>$~?V_`_AG153~.]IENDB`nK5zc3FzPNG  IHDR>WsRGB pHYsj0PLTE999SSSzzzhhhIDAT8c0  M·bPRbKc }`>~v-@ _c?KcSh3yp-(EB5_W_ } wA~ni=@p_ 0|_|H$d??`"?)~PL }4pwIENDB`nV)s,=PNG  IHDR6>sRGB pHYs.>IDATXGV)Q^7 ((JGD#Q RFC?RƏFCD"ADN^Nس~}ɽ=윙og9}E Q(-|8vT*|v|>H#HbS,h> kA x!tD_H$OW(xl6prGY+H09zupZ|>NlV0Ld!DQ aZ-)T*EẒCroZr9,D/KȭVDW tAJ^^Yj!2DCc >e2n?Bt: ǃ c9f(Řo$^Q擅t:)0i1KF 4;d6u.$X+:ePLH4/kX;gIHlUd_5B'h @}QjEEYܿc@IENDB`nVDOA?۩:~PNG  IHDR}6e}sRGB pHYsj2IDATx^;,-]﹥G!BQ !hP(P(hiF"(5T*GACHH!h(=cù{9{{7k2G f pO ČjpO ČjpO ČjpO Čj=1#>xssGT.//gggƪhyxx෭vnnؽqqq"wΉuH 4oz{{Ua:ڏyggr?Z .߂ `+=///iy\{6]N2{γE-t1 w-KKK ֥C-aN5ܵ(Bkkkj*NnSSS keO3CCCMm~ H%--.񱣣p;999.I$t*I~S׽!f5ƿXpEEltt4jyQPZZyq4Jb?666p2E+†4nooqlnoofffij{iUR;JPΫ"_4Cd#,|shI y$U$g }b1gV^Z$r&hIq$1Nl{*Ν!=&!.~G dws/mRb\$&/ꚋV=Ӳ꺎?w4Thn*)33Ofg744arĿ_]]EV:|ˍ&'*&%??u{;D[c;'ߙFu}sDZJJJ= bة-iF KN+ͺz q/+yR'@doQckkcHΠ~D### '''%zssswwwaH$JNJػ^fH#$y.c,I|"@aêzppb222xBw4ޝDKJn0~jJTtl ] O G2 ?izpp)uM Y *'aMP!{fw& jvgk Ypfw& jvrIENDB`n* O7b(iԋD PNG  IHDR(psRGB pHYs0?Z IDATx^MN_/VH6Pؠ! $+ %Xc /bÊ E{3<ݻus̙9sf#5: \iӦ$!!vÖȑ bu/vD 4QC 3!Ǐ׭[7o޼|r޽&LhgjpҌ:ķ<}Ϟ=;y$6m۷9}W=:~xD9tШQj)?ӧ3gܹ3{O09.驢A"xٳ[l۷3gp߳gÇΝ{ҥ&fŝ%7uTX𸉹رۅl,Y6g=x`ׯ_z=t9|h cǎq۟ 6BE$P9b`xBƌ<h֭[ z l|!| ӤonM4y(c0 k*{wSyS,!D {Ǐ?92c =~޼y7!xѵk45k߿"(WL8|իW&CkK3*xDtG@Fu9oܸb T|YG Κ5+b%|p]6lBap 5pʕ+9 J_bӇ6:)$jжbwΜ9t̘1TǏ_YSbŽNReJ |@IĢ]{6n{7hij2f*Ĵ Ĵ _g:(^1 EUX0&\BFtӔNbfq9ºgЛPTiG~̉'a$jDhCv (?@$\(M?*R"UmGB.A<#^XI(be2 |Vyڏج9ѪX{6=D#!<u'b֮ ruD7 P9JK[HX"fBojE9cc8'</ۮa#*)5)VB3{j ;5F( !-梈׼ _OBU&w>>ˬk<_NF@e h8gFڃ0۱i-Hǘȸ5_@ XM\AG#2k-22H 8d= boMZH6gNdȌCV@ y8JvюgAfYkk-Ր"y}.:{߾}BTѣmGK}FLFY^x1AqX}ҥHM8ϡܫEHrOn8a+n xJ͗͛7gI;i$*ɾNܼ 2$()ui&6K E$u G<SS`Lu~:k{NYK X7cݶ KgwzJ1e)T y2ҶlrJ@͟?ܸqϟ?ǷeeJ>rbb+d]qE[ =+w޽>yneoݺ v㔧bY)xD ]["-ALسa`ewY)^LF X+ĭB+AȫW.ZSgiIT7aժB.6K8Zݿ$Xv(dRA`L rTrRp+< 4Gb];>@ٜx|WwXd1rMsJhWjT o>@uMVdE5. fhLMĥ.5uDCCcn". tw# :c,IENDB`ng8ǒyxaf|PNG  IHDRw5sRGB pHYs.>PIDATx^;,5M__IV*FR(hQ)\* *ƥ! "BH[~<_wٳ:S̙}gfsMy6gBMAr Lr L Sx棣͎!.//fߖʢ"LPNv~~${|DlggjYvvv. ˯8kY9՗gi-" 0=\.G4vvOii⼿/p Qr]]1yyy}ELegӵ|;*WWqz*ӣ&+?RRR^__SSSu4,oMM OOOadee rQT$QO:K 3F^khh\F&&&@'''?P 噙8ڋ2B9J𠷍 EffX1X(ooo( ZЁ@bI=noo-hNNNEvhI2knn }$31 ‘vuu4$ݾšdp5Q}H׆IN0#IezuUp,elJֆ7VE].浻[it$a14ps}[L4J)6=x$N BZ8(?1/R^} ^y*J[<7o9QNԈRp('v?:] ^]HO%~.u&s˗h 0)T[ޜAKnJ'L?''ꪰ`1m@U>;;k-$va~H2]\\l8; ]o\"KcY{%v.ta[[[Vf &B l@n%HH#(T ./&Uu%MRݮƍpE1Q,Dq5u`C?R~~vvv-%7LcU\DT J]"AJ?\:_D_fL$ɈQRJ`gPX X5e777$2ugRΉN}}=U~L%~]Bf6(WsMw@[ Y) &1UV1_444QV 4F㋯?m1(%‚2bq? rk Y]xpuLle#e#e(ƍ2 2=DIENDB`n |8]}mWDE2[eZPNG  IHDR)sRGB pHYsodBPLTE999SSShhhzzz_ IDATx] 6n[W a;d&V&D ٛ4y?!Mn4imҤIm& M46imҤI& MF[*ǭɣdI%/^lnk{GLڏ'6 cL `;zэz=bIu+H˂I+ޡS7>;[UCZ]cO+X,~&$T'o}T4svnxU{-H6R,AX`spN}vƩTH7@Ot'v$=B,m[qI66J:5R`w|1u踭\|͙j9U ѽ˛[͒>Ikcwqg|2NP )n GBP9mB_-0QJ65YvS-X?R"6fȇK>vO-uC,8\"5ӓRlw{5Z?ožهyc-o E. lLZ?;ع8ڀf;U{uYMFzE]0qČ rGa8rI)Rj0C-ED ۋ_KSa(tSVnc6݋>ܼ_tü2n{B oF٢ORiAIOioOlo"eScRGVĭq 4s߫D`>?fRb3s-sU21ީ1_8X-ضY+CDu.Muqgwh%^IT9[Unz>6Ct_pk'ui($WG+۰nl -RuncS-}+ԬB3]21v$ }:n7J|[-!vB]U'x,G;l.fe40743E2rI4Ei,yVkr؀&Ki =Vcbj0vI[f0fydsYeoK򗸅Y% @ eKPV]"8 ¦:.ik93ڊY 7.|f~v4p 2!^>a]`ɜV.ٳJ ny#<7/MtL&nB$IPR"{ C3[ Żve*nقMdcV X^6g尵I[y012Ij_BGfKugKѤדߏƀeHs5gA#3sz:^i֙>ZrdZ_HY&[{m`8gsܖc34ap  38JȢJ:W%K~Ee x0"w^tMo=wŵSY)Xuw4-dI%1AH EOR zfee,Tnjg>!ܬh7a1UŊxX1VmĤh j@E5w t3]&H1wNsQ}Fg9K3qjMCѢkwް}Ɔ[ʁmzO7v]BZw</iwguǍȈm']G"V %FL#]4-mutFeV#˰VjfVWD߽9WPC@~"N ?N8f&B-.m?Ю3ǜ)v]] 4F}G' Xct'jŋD~6ƘIS, \C6M Q!Ro RgfJQ.9ڨ=`6pjMq/GGoYAކrꑧ3hyzf+QBظRVͮ'p#:0ɮ5G E. &{7᝺(nӒ1nG{$R`o,&QF>֎kۺf&4D/6^{kG݅Y NWhwh=Q0;bWz:F},ϧXn&M,uzSGN Fgּ:lrd`~]- SjMin±fޮ]o}Te'3ݥ๻v]d`tTsN_:Fu"R{P8OHƓISShm^LZ=?USg= AW[hF5jWUJ~35Hm}{e[ܥkGue+ܝj.=:_5:uDB1ŋ%k4y7Q(.U<}astvLGrnf0:¯*n~+ք"fT6 RxY\1x>qטkG݅Y(]0#([lκslƣ"QOkĻf aW3Ucޚpjh}{oњd~?$ɥVXdwf䫤8Ӽ]jgqIK 66⼾ L5#_E`|uZ3 Z=W6Jsj܅ I.y*jf&3\r40ik]` jWh"7H<$l0=r@5w] }eĻ4d̿ħ/xEeSaEt4G^3ix>a\Ԉw>VH4eXahEw͗'^ЉX> f?QCWQeffE9]h5s[J | ^,j ixweE,pkxqgz:j9.EgLxkS{*Ɉӥ)EvM*Iۦ*:魛΄;sKo(fe?"yp[F=|f9.]k}|mbv/:rBN5)MvڄiŠ0s;&~u/mrnMm-[5UGJU#uq~3z+hZmͬpbR,/縭ut ,b9.MZsb淪ǒW?Ea醜ӦXDR^⃻*=v%rn m:#վV !zh[md݅qh,zO9.!q9meWуFOn6?ôX9L%>7*UѮvcV+|pVC[mXwaEv;E%Oy[co؞vV`{ yI]뭄Sk=WR`@¯qMA2W`|8RW:&D5>R53R+ЫN[{9ZêԍeDq|*(J Ȓ%]рy朡0/j:!7Q~lV@IES:L R,ƘeMcƐH%'we54ā9$lDhJMc VUrL֑S|+ zjVq%>r'u 5 aHy}ьS}Y$^$lw2m$\,kh>R[aEqko0@qZ},ﴻĤm )ٯ0#bH)%M(5գc&g^ڡ4}Fj~aj #"ei, v-Þ{۹"}dB[ա`CXJNgĤ'D,5n8}ޓQ.}^jtDDݺlվP#ŨW[67{ 05R,R7oZd,&se.54uG]_& 3Vk >~]| 5<̞8p\R6闛)mP{e!}]BDSf3ED>]1IMSklFL?`_7탁'=we.544]CT2f)/Nja3:!&5{PS3~mQ rZ"x;,Pga{Cѕ?>u6G,*# Վu%7;PבSnCVyJexϧ%B5"q^/lE1ͤNǞxLb-[r%^8f6&mcv>s5Y> cS:%"W8Ro6iҵ}fr+˧`eӗa(#IOW 弿3*t.F>pI7*yW$R 1SIԹsi=0`ۼ'aDBCQ8Ou$x1{9gX:Fmu87G~nݙ sVFN%飞edx_eTYgl]!Ic8n_׻>\ 0veNop%ɣ'e/ fq'ؼux97H.2\bI>_cOQF%8}#21n.O={Y?6T1^-Dhy% ǡ3 sN50Ar=duYsK3I&48W⌴ qd)qxuls9h?W#՝!m|[uUC_m!Dya6a<,lܒo')aI'C9&9­Rgl~ c,Dqr58י3V / K[ynk|F/gYWҬ]`|X+>rO={N_xv>r7a/θ~'YonoO}3nܵ΍7yGimpۤIm& Mn4imҤIm&)LO&IENDB`nm0*PNG  IHDR|=!EsRGB pHYsjXIDATx^9Uǟ/QA "K" "L08K ("8K§(8*4=rw .wuuuUs|_v!n1 C+tL CQL4 3 S:&!(tۈ)ChS:m Cɀ!`4)F6b!`Jd0ENp1C0c2`"`JQ{اO !t Jw޽u;0Э\/VںuycfO< o߾U!_zխC4FNӈ=E,]vZk֬8qbPY|91ypL0mûwk֭[#D.C F#J# &,RիK">}DYFnƜjtRcfZP$7 CTdu`>̦gn0;Ab0#Ǐ fH"9 q aZNsP ) _ˁ)<Ï+ҍT(M- KK &VЉJǡ;G=i*Q,8w)JG*_,a ~Yxo-bWsvرc iӦq{700\~$_]X}P+ %6m+s|~m#ЏΤ\:u߲ocǎMgϞ=ڵkK㋟`u͚DMQ.ڵk19°c/VrTN%AԩS/Çy (b"E`̘1dUZN5c &hN^ʑ\SKU:3:I1ǒĬC;+xB(7n*\JHt tpH_NRKbAp]PzQk +^Zz&×+>4# F)aN -Nm>qIJ')9mFY!ľ?@_8+ah[ig̏:nY='ѻ}j h:{@ݮ TFVDU g~$<'ďhPHcмCJ's>N˘+&})eI K  TR Z1]tKKCu?RůdFtsB~'tG]dsNQB j[#MZmxfǕ|-0g359UnJ HB:kt;39.ǡ:S$X^ksXչ?Y䐑XFE*-EY A|(-|6ZOaSKF.\0i$ܜ9sF'c޽b]_]E$X} me@ɯ eh2ʑjDU$;PTyA8r䈃H鰣F +Yt;n8%&㏝2^ei!M ׯ_ŋSBu&\%k `5PS_?Μ9S1ZO |A׬d$%.C֯ WI TwAiF*2:eUJ(yR}xs:EY-m"p\MfWrWO`h1JQ+A 3s2)?8>.,+&.q]UVnZ>Jd+VG)yL5D#lHw|%8mr E*jBR.}#'RT$?[҄YfVYn|5JS GQOI^+7Au{y7mG*7\2~%Hr~rUPj a^H Lz0qj֠tj:&JaP5ImHlCNu2ҮB@R>4i:dz%KP_y+ƋȡC\oѣG{/j]5/ƌ0Ӄ F'//SINJʇΓ'-0G_;sS>ȶUֆg%mV!%{ѫ5vȟ0cm{S:17 Ջ32թS7iU?8jנ Yter2&wĨv6g&8%`41KG& ޽⅂T*.ן={BZ="X):ҹuV'3.`f@nJC0Ƀ!`4)F6b!`Jd0ENp1C0c2`"`JQ!`10 FN'Օ IENDB`n}$߉O4PNG  IHDR(}׭sRGB pHYsj$IDATx^?l\{IDH)]P9)&Fh0M")R`PC!E.P\B- R [*N솂wwwsf-"gw9og>_t0&)SA(0ej""1L @PDSV$@@`ʊ @25@@LY@S (")+P 0݅Qe^lll@mrŋG]\\;ɘ'OԦBaǘW< "g^#NNNdbffu/I^r… ܺuѠAaƿڿDQLՄeVlI - ah~KP<$֖ y&yiyyyeeenn.D˙w2́E*TBK-)R]1Ť-svδ0@~S@\!)@!`5L\!)@!`5LLL ]$TLݣJI0C ĩML AHCSNÕY!xq 404\L AHCSNÕY!xq 404\L AHCSNÕY!x0f!A&TL96Ss@^Bʘ){ @f`f"P@r *# `C1&$):@[(r 5z< 0厅Xv <r_O0@S6 G5NmUQsrQS%'TIS._v|ɰ UӋvЩSTLhޕoFN3)%=>v 'p<:Gf0w]dL3v>"bWJ"WHSV(h-E`T#MT)LY0A ")')g^t@έ `ʭQ10d~/.</$zyz={xxXbssNo gIM )_xqoooTr>88X[[1oxyy97"0ԝ1h/T;|Y䛗H;\tL[Պ^"X+?G<ք0,._)TE`/{ L xϔ9b -S3#`ʔڥ@SǡU܃I"`̔9?)U!0o;lbT2fEkNcof2ff4!Т \')w,%]4G)kVY֫0e~h;_rU|rK`N %L-@ 9L9@ r> )S@f9DxNS JoB r틐+řCXrEEi61l.2f 23 ,pGS rLU΅)W);I!@k]buM,g\rZh;^֒rYz4:t0lR6LfY:cÔkD& ,MAИ84I/!u2+%#@'C[gt~K56ɒ!7XWL4ԲCr< ) "ט){d8%aC &^)f?)8wkk; @J;$>v:ʒ/a^gY::#R `ǥ*./L9[f?87RhOSnϊ!@Cc0'h3¶l[?7AfلLJĔAY._b1(2&YD!)S Gf9k+3eil8r=TLYʚʮF 81S6aC!zx2|=/k+af#phJw:RrbʃDyJ tOhL "'ޫs*'Q'4\N1dYRC-f)H 0!"-SN%^A &4G5±Z/666(m< 2CLl]v,$NzT;O)tΝ[__pΑ=oD=j0*L<R'WwX!N5S>::ZYYoΞ=g^~SiKk\D\>vô'@IgeΝ;,˶Ύ3O?t0ٯV?~ @`5} 5,g_x@-6ţhE!M뽖wi)+Uƒ@NTY)\*)n/ܞ#!PuXrq55<[S)_r>֬AO["pʎ[à^@ 28(Bc!#1SG8,fFɄ81Svƀ@a\/UfS3ފˡA1eUr `"Tr"L _N]L9[f@دH-*0C4Ĕ3@f @[QSÙU 0زYrNڬ4ǖEaʽ^}`榼 #e ?>3#@ز/}S~C3qㆼ*ּ&h?yX__O!GGr{fffƤ'-?ao,QB8Ё6u&f͛7ŗ%VɉTrjׯa2{{{ poXT7N4)J|;;;.mymէO#˓>;w($<stʱ؉:@ )%V$MgY9:lXv dHG(L9d80e%B$#wIƔhA$ bʪ tC@Îv7[S֧ A #&CS֣@ 76.roC P.6.ik̔E bY9׊ Q4 0=TL96A9 &0ĩrN@ ?L9?sV@V]d {%_!(\dh@ȗ.k.̩)#h]تLٖ^D[?Q*l_C2(@cnur)[TK&0ʂKF;7LY>Dz )]d tE ĩr]úE`NJy2fHj x`xR-^=cz }nՀ)W+=k'@]4ai2+hA&Ff ")`$0UydL@r\t8t!qmիp Pk=՛7oH;99 y_o bַnݪIArj'cbeeevvVyggޖgnӧׯ_9Qh%S֚;qAPG G.i U$P)O<:r"oN_zkk˽*?d -4>0g\Osp|K,]v-'5'{q'O>5ٙ݉wfעQ=dP̛{2s`FJ(c0GbּI%/xPT#|AǧNL@Am<_@ Z bsejFh`ä`]Zub[ vx`DXc&A$1M -Cii_As`NxgĎ7k%*-%RSڨoL]=<Y7/He.ÇtjZы a][= \s#.dّmEAH"5;T_޹HbD"y1͛7?ŵ/;\b> gV.|Toݺ577fpyvT~ONNh =33RӋB+|ʕ?& VKiV 6h ZU4X9 _l"S\qD H[/voUb*r;L"Ehz6|ͻwc vXVgN,kpĜy]᱘!Q6.]sܤr2^1GGG;;;Y ija`VU:YQ k+[XXHbT\ɰ-I šJ@Hs/_\qP8NӢaX\H1klêbE-CVQ)Z>bZ°hcuVG# h{Nx׮\=,!)F4z ^JQct>Uӛެ<(-.d0ކvņMp,v *yno @gROnE&آsAƳ  BiG͘$cAlCu O_|B.wȼJAldWiV@l i]K b콥aS^6d` dKs 9P̪ .}NX* E CiWui.!vs[(NCGW#!^N3BS$h$":|199Q6?::MA3Zx'Ci##ȧW mOw}}}j0&,|ElVx>SSSi1KĦNXEkkk>;IPZ4VԙuKz={%~aj ޥbtqsqxxHg3ӏZ犓P_O;aiF7e_cW/sF:իW_vEkl`V%6z/ܢ驒@ǀ2&Y'#6[ml+뱱O>߿70Hp@f9ͻSY7+UbcWa*]-!|cfG @ Z<`} m QVrnfM6\|[HB23;8Y;!ˮ8R[ wZ<0轅 2{;ч2t{!ـAHyd@R_wVyA !*mr+l a)rK{nUЬC]NaZۿٓlEZߓ(JC ƷT HOO; |Rt9Cr Rׯ>}j`fz[q֕F;ZRnmmiK2bjq1XiZXi.f"pqqUmjb"Ҙ$a\jb5"ъ+Eɴ[Ean3χvL{ e:!KkBPk@dYoz%)E ]H9HxY =CEA2KzzdҢhNJH!5v`9@ !X@4gmm>] ̈́Q Mwޥ]nnn|FxEg^ᗣ<})ŋ.]"qAɓ Wuۻp˗Fׯƍ?~g__TB8]YY&j5=?|Py7I#*wЊL_B+r@쐣m+~mP̂@+(AF_ z7:1KccPb mGHA!b b Rpc(؂TX9ucZclTl;86D }DmFtQC&*Ĩy*6qn/W^~Ro(S b!S Ax `튓m!#rt`D[8L!#b454 2 vсm@@UOIENDB`n.o$4 LPNG  IHDR!8.nsRGB pHYs+IDATx^]=LM:!HB(;B & ~JA CA F )lB cP =fݹ3;gf-n;sgvvʟ?Ëgיd &Dc"r-N1p9_J'cEs/;<...0*[ZZH wvvsbbBɚXPU*ٝ(mu,؈jVWW&[[[Y+vzzq08<ȢSCiM0eȱO@e2Xާu @Ձ2H8ƹ#X1ps,e cX @lث ;Zkݖ8#2P| KW0 I-<3rF&(Zܕpoz3/S҃ ,{o$e|=s,;Mol_uY.GϠ-8db"|rĹ-BXٽx)GM c%mG(x˰P1E:mQS~<I3@V+g6xƆΞm4trDʯV8Ԏq̏?bdZECddQܖˆxtdUsqkkg5^\\C8SXVUYL*"/A;Jh8A¤1aVR Z%Df&$ DՉ+|l\xr>KmJdg ci&CEcE 4*:PR0h4+JT8& Phi%d}r8<k%c6P]iV; $c7'i1sĥLgG(Rsh6%^f~c\j 366)]KIn0EG:rLQk"{Y "Atf`+blU v+ZsfvRXDS@4pXC|4M-EBt`skkk{(R WN#=ƊO0#L9m n: ϼ"9Vzr7 -XRadȮ,"ç-""!!PQ% hBYrL  1_J9֊WA0՜ kQeHXS^JGW]籽 ³`QaDerCVUm~=3hW-.. mll_Flsshxxxtt:|mǦՊN!U+6p Y__"5baaٳg]]]HOh+ 9fW4KZ<}@-Uq+˷n¿>}a@'9t6슻2hoM0Ԟ9}Mxɰ"/?~EI*~C3g3M- bSn|} @yeWWnt3ct8t2 EÁc?q-h` 9f%1[0*9 սϾ"ΑH ~3%߿,z{+HQ(@˞} TIZ3%pʂ)aw٪ז4v,kϾbڢ!WVJ[V2ϔ!%9k[YfpW;{ _bhX3%#YrQ8F/cCb@l`Y9 T)9h ncw#^ 8QD`n1Q:9V ?&EcE%?;NL9‰@kF" 1K0E" 8!n1p^$ ${ŀgaSXd l]gJ``NrzcgJ/3%f~~>;'Y7/7Tr,QlRvЎY1UkyYAcBЎy dK M49&-u) o aIOO1G}]*_9ZyE}aT SEǪٜW 'Kc)1/B>77GAAW#?0v61Cݢ݄/,=nVo IyIENDB`n>h.c .CŹ4PNG  IHDR jsRGB pHYsj0PLTE999SSShhhzzz |08IDATHk`u^m b"¤F0QS<)ZcǦ AAx"6I7H$[o<>)w/WiΙ# oJ#Rđ^Y#N6z -1Tum[i]%iP\B*~` I|ң?:<\g:HGCOIݝS9\Vlc Ҫ."; 3#Ø+:El`4t4 |pۻ{n&rTqB"Y)]‚nQz5v_ PNG  IHDR-lssRGB pHYsjIDATx^g\_n5A "VX1AEP"X` h QϨE؍|Ǽܻ޽eݻΜ9g?sr'R RQ hHH)0H)yD D9c Ry D9lQhQAlA@8"@y[)0H)0cƌy[o ]S`L/ͦՇ~8a„qر3f̘9se&N5cH| 0FK.=3 D9!ߤI≮1:\DÜ!|ӧ{P)5AwܑO 8|z!^RM9f~={6zܹsLCĖXM:k"4Y &=s,YBjM6/Ǎ +Y__~it(pf>l]vQ [n*D)0tD,3~⨣|;I,B 5 D, 5FJB 5nhMD+ 0Ԋ+w}:H(0_}q=2ZLD,y)^guRA4V[mK{E8?;gΜN^p#SK^-b͑KIx_m6^}o٣ f5a;e)wAޡ3Hkg6w}7 7x?=vG}UV6:@Eev/H_;33|z(yo[oѡd#= O<0kEk:l@L&!?dȢTu51~饗X6;%xPiAPy7F_,ya9 9yLa*w9SN DK.gp4E%0,L2 " 6I2CMZxGibxid{@~9DZt H,D>rh%#AyI~f@S?8GI-S)C?X dVY5Be'Db/h!l`Cby)xq65J'Ր*̡̕5*VIFw)' adGzIhm4Tb)T+D y_4E(@n-{ ZŐ0%X`ep6ŴVᖩIC6K"61@'{rH&s^Q& Y)6>3=ڙ|.j;cPP4Vl iP9 -n" 0d )<iVF}׿N%JH Ey"=-4Ipy Y߼2St%5/L$ ,ӢA ?8gJ`(xGb}][Z̰<ྼPRc'i1b;BtDK/s]kPJ RbDoh^I\jbH`HG5-~лrh~!͜(Y!|eH)1K !oh MlKb/E' OFb3B7'MP`Sfq+V5L<*&H^%lL .Mp=?5ɅX*94GmH?;%} `qֈ_E+*Sjk)&t/i1Ni1MQ|uj1C 7ѫV(\V5FU|wՕeWQlZ (-ɇ|0rdԩŴG̈Dd>4֋@^ڗ2A/bub{[)28B,w'qvxV:)C>,}X e{00Zg˦,ֲّ,^I&IbR A6-/97o:$,LݗFK`B"0%l)p_4Ap8%9͠8h1}Oíخ;'EL:5cJuqtIX*QB oK/tM7ތ9;OHksDр4f0+DDҖÎk½0|99Vf^x^62+>& pBDqB) l nsK@FɛT׊Oό &{]CmlЬ<ȴ뮵Z2~orK_I,m/Y> ~ma]tQ0o1q'\|J(*0:sSה)SN?tY;آyv&6n6,}{v=(UWW81/`3Iw4_<Ë-B8q"4)rD@*xCqj:rWa1en1{k(aH;MP(hV!{9>Qk!$^RizCb$@qzȩ%C0gR$wPj ܵ^/16%ƙ$`dIu˘&ZB F6:($RݴAh?O;Ԏ( ;Ypa'}3jL}G*^[|A7(傪.C4%> S̊wJ b &sbJ9tt]vd ŠdUF{ Bm_OlmEjӃkr~ҧj1` r ŏ@Ѳ8 63zv `E|J˺ISJ5N-1vᕩ*Ѵ3+fzp`ޑPOE*)Xz5aˢgsǏO A.mYt'N_<@A =@ {,XU(,0+/TijBh /0 Y.Owjx(Z/5NÇe|r V.sNwg@8}.O &.'aڥKAɪXc LP@6`@KrpC7 ?qfP833kj-08L!gF]?d S ę5kp H#?BJ )ka-oA},;`od /=L$-,%6™SwcN[L°Bl 6$/ m[R"#o@\1NɌ0- 0@%kgt"`K* 4XԸay48Y<BG=(Ӑ(A$ b%EFb"8nEAyT6mIɃ wSPc&=ZH6'Ie0 F2ᮌEgcKKZv܃z%3 $1I`nсn_@$f׬Ť"1-xgg*4E6%ǔnc`jƄlg EYsUAS '44 wSqm՚={a z0piyb҂@BsMbt w|naPܿg/;f s#(kMhq`EKJ+u!nrdFjhUf0N9 ޠ"jmV i"|pI,1A6#ZbV:ԥ .HS@KOzD shGK.%}-77;|E{wuS2 yчeg/O#"‰@}3,1O  P5ܑOyqjAXl*(a4220V+f)VH(hr!R`B]=(pJqZՠk6cwAOMO{BlfR4C⧟~3R0 vhvY'=a窫*y; * &Ӎ7sڴiDJE0sLdEɪ>вG~pEᘏXhemOA:&LZYįy[✂d1*)RPK!7A[-T=єb U(i02]S#Xr4q!)dW MS܌Vi.BZ(Bʩ@7ĕ[1pZv x!bJbdne*A!Qt-ChЄ 퍢{MDF i &,̧gLSxa(K1V08wS!6<'cD4_^C RproQu $m)o>_`F)eC Md(aȨӚi2wP$P#?ȨB$+cQ;R~Ӄ8bk ͒LXMZij&WP!iLzɡߗl_JȘж#+9[DzRCu-Yޝ(B"4ӟ}lS/R:r9詩m{ +Bt4 c5ik_f[>rk1#Rg4 껑2%ہcr#!Z4C: |ɰFɡGCrykE bݽfsj<P]푐CiPVeOL:ir-U\ל]߹کX2$i2MMo"-2z ';;‹@36(ry 7Iaˆa*ﰄtHa\~#FFb"4Nό3jDQp0z/ҿȣ>Ci.G}'H .H fB@ޛ)(džrJQJ~ z:8=%}{=Sb)S8|,diǁTr/]jP> (qQW{qEQir< b2f%K. m(d%@R-eZTOcz-|FJ3%>>N2/ur$j^{nIc\xBQ#ƶ7,/вQ Ă~g3~Fa|dXeBI5 ѹ /ɼ8ۉukԖnҥرcU*8Z x 'aR6Qs]*4U_j'G V1GH^7SADDvBK#&)' 91ߊٳ-h  BsӧO_&.EtAi}%Ent5/K/Z Y4}!^sJrc MzM̝x ΒS7CCÿEkŦ0f((  eš:(>I b,ZHQ4hO<٤/rK"K&P[ˣ™K!8'EL\@gIS_`WhDKjZiKSx|Z7tuGM !tO8id ^#{-RT=ebFwŲ I4Jw{{#I챀8*y8`bu&d5F/qZ{s Je `D8cگO<(RJojUaƂCu~ 0;r1ͳynE!Ed2 H&F`H~;3<]FC8V1-wS 4 R aS a<-r@@r<b "1)<6σ؂H(q D 4O( R aS?'kDIENDB``!;.#P\(RAnxWNA"H H*( "!OpT.ҸJ|Ͳ8I+ov=?f!Wf~>}$/)үW<}N0\WDNϸ 9O*hE${f \=q]@ : >soc:~?N~_Zmz' d:v]L&7N`x :OFGm$^Xͦo>F#1~KJ96ard<mzMsRB ;c1|X?!^ĕq J}a:ZZI"amĮ;)qj&U_Z P(R4dg'}[feP؛呝멉5H\9Rߴ. 7 ɳuwV"Rv*o Oo_ݻRw"m'4 :E*HFWAw`@<\XMyqB9y H Dw= f@(Z t@21 >oiЧpL![*zL_mquP5g\TFizb^_>X3 B5rQ3Y _-| 37\FACM4HU{yþvrswF`!6vZLIcxwXmx?gKw{{f, m1az O !5ʐ|Qr-hoʐ[Fmvv !RC)F|ys wẅȈȟ?rwӗO/O^^o˿?|o/ӗ^^)Oy{$~2((im `/ 0DArial_> 00XXsx: 0D[SOal_> 00XXsx: 0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` ldx`      ?2$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]b$|8]}mWDE2[eZ vcb$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\( 0AA@ʚ;V7ʚ;g4gdgdx: 04ppp@ <4dddd$ 0Xs ___PPT10D[SOalh|Z~0ܠXX|x: 0|DArialh|Z~0ܠXX|x: 0| pp?  %:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma& Jiang Bing-feng IOPP CCNU 2008.4 *  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function calculated with HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary R c <Motivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacuum and the dielectric function dominates that differences. The dielectric function in HTL approximation is incomplete 4 /= _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<` 3 The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 242A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,   *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution external line and inner lines -----hard bare propagator and bare vertex are enough hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature  GSoft contribution = + 6H   7Effective propagator Coulomb gauge, real time formula#8   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!P   0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> (    6  `}  LUSQdkYkHrh7h_    0   `  8USQdkYkHre,g7h_ ,{N~ ,{ N~ ,{V~ ,{N~    0 ɠ ^ `  X*  0ʠ ^   Z*  0Ӡ ^ `  Z*H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.՝ xu  ؞!jg} 0  $(  r  S wC  r  S `*4I  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.՝ɢ+D=' = @B +  0 `*(  r  S $ `}   x  c $   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.םP0+D=' = @B +  0 p(  r  S I  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.؝̢+D=' = @B +#  0 :2 $(  $r $ S t 9  X $ 0A?%#X $ 0A?  X $ 0A?WH $ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ܝN+D=' = @B +  0 @8x(  xr x S q  ^ x 6A ? C3X x 0A?c : X x 0A? H x 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.?`v}  0  $(   r  S 8K9   r  S K}   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ڝ +D=' = @B +C  0 ZR,(  ,r , S S `}   r , S S  ^ , 6A ?'af X , 0A#?/9UH , 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.됓+D=' = @B +  0 0j(  0r 0 S ,x`  X 0 0A?pn X 0 0A ?  H 0 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.q+D=' = @B +C  0 ZR 4(  4r 4 S  }  X 4 0A?tFX 4 0A ?Yb X 4 0A ?c dt9 X 4 0A ? W->X 4 0A ?  !X  4 0A? C.H 4 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.Q++D=' = @B +  0 8j(  8r 8 S   X 8 0A?TR X 8 0A?/H 8 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.p +D=' = @B +  0  @J(  @r @ S l `  X @ 0A?*X @ 0A? X @ 0A?}m C'X @ 0A?  X @ 0A? ]  X  @ 0A?s G HX  @ 0A? m H @ 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.@+D=' = @B +c  0 zrD (  Dr D S \ `  X D 0A?*tH D 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.+D=' = @B +  0  Hj(  Hr H S ؘ  X H 0A?< X H 0A? H H 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.\=Q+D=' = @B +  0 pj(  pr p S  `  X p 0A?7hEX p 0A?p 9 H p 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.0+D=' = @B +=  0 TL<(  <r < S С}   r < S <  X < 0A?"g X < 0A?} #H < 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.PU)+D=' = @B +  0 @P(  Pr P S x/9   H P 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ޠ+D=' = @B +  0 0L(  Lr L S d'gY  X L 0A? r L S wTG   H L 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ڠ+D=' = @B +  0 PT(  Tr T S w  H T 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.ߠP$x+D=' = @B +}  0 `X$(  Xr X S ̾'gt   r X S z  H X 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.p +D=' = @B +C  0 ZR`(  ` ` s 40e0e #" 0ew  X ` 0A ?w EX ` 0A!?/ :H ` 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.U+D=' = @B +c  0 zrd (  dr d S i  X d 0A"?6  H d 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.  +D=' = @B +}  0 h$(  hr h S @ `}   r h S d   H h 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.  {+D=' = @B +  0 l(  lr l S ]'g  H l 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i. +D=' = @B +rpp(1c46>8 ADGKNY[XSU`^ce`hikmYpX$<dr1:((im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma õƬ 2 õƬ 3 õƬ 4 õƬ 53A brief Introduction to HTL resummation techniqueEffective propagator+Calculation with HTL resummation technique õƬ 9 õƬ 10 õƬ 11 õƬ 12 õƬ 13 õƬ 14 õƬ 15?Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP õƬ 17.The imaginary part of the dielectric function õƬ 19 õƬ 20 õƬ 21 õƬ 22SuRoot EntrydO)ШPicturesCurrent User2;SummaryInformation( x`      O02$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]$b$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL> 0AA@ʚ;V7ʚ;g4gdgdx: 04ppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function calculated with HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary R c <Motivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacuum and the dielectric function dominates that differences. The dielectric function in HTL approximation is incomplete 4 /= _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<` 3 The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 242A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,   *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution external line and inner lines -----hard bare propagator and bare vertex are enough hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature  GSoft contribution = + 6H   7Effective propagator Coulomb gauge, real time formula#8   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!P} 0  $(  r  S twC  r  S `*4I  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.՝ɢ+D=' = @B +rI%21((im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖ      !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234RQ89:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~S  !3#$%&'()*+,-./01456789:;PowerPoint Document(DocumentSummaryInformation8"mmary õƬ 24  õʾĸģ õƬ2 Ca!_ҳ Xtzj.UserXtzj.Usertr.  2 Fq-.-@Arial-.  2 Fsrong.-@Arial-. 2 P< IOPP ?8s?yv_HׯC#+ Fs$"Wx\_+O>|Ow=w}Ç]x.O㯏?>5a۷o_~ᇧ]xߌ>Oc|զ|~  W‹gϟ_޽{͛W;*s}B'x}*0®^ r0 O悳c0!̧=[>s]7?$Qhf}#{f2ؼ3[bkrgfح{B-b_T SmʨyPM~SuFak]5Qlv*gߟja}R%>9nO=#\c<0"^k9k>Kvݪfg{VMޣBLlϯem!/:֊fWv5y,br>=1'<:?COP}/d@omPo>; +p3ؚ6nvf*=?5odz065>$t/}QJ5s]Gr.3cvTjr˳;2gµoJ_Y0*o1c,vLkO`ǂIlK2Gn|GjCDn#w gZqy 3_ŶJ<$sYȨ~hhg֧\ߖsw?gV+sl떲{mDfk2'}gygO{ɾ\h_a~}ع+ViԨEi>R"WIl5Fg󧭏5">|!m:$|غJVc=]X%m-,9eS9zWk53ΌЧ>}z5AoRHz_t9'КoˁgKRd-\_vg[sMҿ}+VkS>=*eac 5 V)XZBb-/ G <.OC0n>Crz‹wh[Kr;#Cb23*!c;hk:vYs=u[9_W9=|@flQuFT`_jj|ZgY϶wcrHvd^קgDʱ*W}-by`[ svvG8GZ I S9C9=m^~W}{󹚘W g~r&ٽW<7 &>kM߱}oSP8bXf{uu~1'^kcR9+ߑ3xH9,v37f5X̱ G PhU \s :nm//k{r=7;ւ3m̙p??۝kJ1^;Gb0Rw`gvoA*71vW8XWgˎ3f`5Q#b9W-m10s7`f wkb0!o$W;<w^a>+ak-g#X)~G_+\r*9qsZ~'rsgԌkd;Gkj̹#V.ݟ-@m߄wƝ1׻םb|Jϰg.F7Qf-~G2$l{Ys)̣+dlq#[d%?;ViwId/cGcggK΂Ռ1<*iN~1ڜK/eο2Z&<*zvuݹ*F'1w1=9F果~(}i/'o~,̣lϰO;iwZ^ܥ#\\gK䓵r"VC$ٽfbw]eSjg)>ݛm=7|t]dU|Εף=cdfkL9;tLFs?ljY3\) yO~yt}QCȻٶc.Qy4?^j`:SlZlCR54Rñ p➾+UaF\q]{-K=cd fgTc`9iW~g-'5<:gSNG*afF3Fv4?^Ϫ헭:4ww~<[>?6^)W8Zl_mWj=6 ,=E쌅VOr{5c-gDN[@r~\3g623掽x#,=#6[ ^nߙKf1Xމ衭9)0 63|>do}A_}gȢ^msͯ<:=fG6ٹNܞGN47.zb٣ZWO\cPwĘK=#?Ҏ3|8rXySs&ZCxx汘 l^ǩ)YӷRUywXJ>\b9Z"S;"3bsPgT %[3gzCs滜_agGjkxaD8.cVm>{1;UR}/(žYy=I~-+`fݾl6'Kɽvzg;k[9RψkCN=xFG-)9~ޥNT)<\-o}bwBdמ!o<Zwv Vҝ\ȜRM9i[j|Jψ1d1^3$|rߞ' i[VkGGaE=1(\gs۽oAUA3X\o㘪f00JH|zx-޹'$KwpF3b*쪍ؚ3̥g掚D_bk.ǙqTү^a. }+ٷzW9 gy>ܧK|JHٱ65\z{̚lVLb{=ֶP.5:?g!3#ZYX3dQůt̑yЏlbyLgK:lϟRSJsb\[{篣~́#\+;m~wzr3)j%k{LO|ϵoWf9;>ӓlfZkl̘;->wwf5海 ;W/5ּZM*0&v$^ja{/?ﰭg5?(GZ;'gZo(Ιʭ);̈OhZdWxټ:!"e~<`k:1 u-8#l~s6ga֞ >tGƽNlok'Y)Li5X=#=v46ll:ϱ?^-)6щpM#j}̰?#e1X cT-pNj+ab3Pf-;Γ5V`~}JO=xVg`|UýYuF 4{G켙-X*'ըdsVK6#=#r~~j{(_3EZu'7dϳwK8V}k1bf#3kb6fkH.ՋG9g;;Bޓʋ yGִkϙuOm>.#Q{ƃaݑQ5_<ͯ\Z?Vφ6&֎1*Y;̣aLܔ$N+ m9*;2Rrb_GTmwvZ;[f"vΉg~\6@=^3c0˨]>Pxw;`Wakmqt^皇5J[mj>AYΏhsW?艱F`+eFN56sJT |9+k5mmV Ŕg]Sns6@h;Zݕk=Iژ΄̚;^3Gc^>՝zbdM\7B>g\!PkRs5wD#\#͹~VˢT#Qӵ;$ZH=:.R11g9&c;Ώ+|zVT >W 7Nz^u-cgZw6@~x[Վ ckF^rM<.D[uG?{rG' ?*)dbsЮ=*1s5y)|U{-i=_)oUn-3蹵}^5玚Vi>vlj]^{>0.=4nKs6@ۚIN/soq^-S}o;Fȧ(2)Y3dQzNsdK[W߹.1X~h<u<ˏ_Vyӳ0#w7K_U{]w]s~1v׻s)ɰcze=nf8'+kbf[_QO%q0'\ ? qoԨ#/'p(WW 8FԒ:PK X+Krԝ0r~AT?'Wx\+|}~H|im~K0:z?pI曗7o޼O_|)~GC6&00\1^>W Y$n}+gſW~'q/+JH|sv~5fh+_uy'9Kg1\a}#Zb*e]*_\8W7=23 GH3ދv*vɹiRvxTO/v.Jy'@L1[.r!M&a3ޣ=FxgĢ'wB&8|~b;%H ZB4VK޵ߦlWQX,}&s O++r/Hߚn9M~piU_xS1x圞4jY{e5V7; y3lgwρH9߯ESl&3^1Aäh rNO0>L?Vōoo{J>/%sglh ]U/ӹ5.I_֫4`y3ΏVm3^s]=Vۯy[6惘=I[<А3ڳf51Jg %?Ǒv\\'olsA`=^짥ag`3rƷR:='1s~W[m!W蛿ޫɓxqcg:ȑ\5^[w>"oўa1[O0@ߟc]9tۇ;;fkg`YGBϗ;ogV撏X찝.rs PZ7˭mu4_KUSIsJrXkv VT_m \+Gk~?&HYw8\,ewb4Wkk55*VkƗRns|j~_mr{bJ |~g V撏Jl]%@n#e֊;z5?ۈ2?}&װ?(uW{DΠ?՜#*>_+ϭg V`U\j}Ow:П:1EHd S{n~f{pg,ōgԽ,+6Y#kޡŒt`{8\gZވ~R w:59~kϾ^rIw8cp\ܝ%sw:rm@r3ҟȊx1;\H.ы]+'_d 3|_yMFgynz+糏GzzDGbR< ?b2scZ}}廙,_)~Isr:%=:;PڞDV=6 _bIz~gtx"_wbe)#2,ͱr,jGLWL&1_ӯܺ_&3}+Ί)}=]Ö+B6^BFiS*d_;6Cs&f7r~G[9OGݵ}JzoSb2|9Ŏ9;cg jkDe1U8dM(|/Kٖ}ZllЏx=ޯnc#y*W BBGdX3#<1]9\d(1YծJRb[>F˞媹dFfLyj3q|3ῴ3aLK2>t,Vg>m(KC>O?#qiŗUޘl.%g|Y|ͱq8/љgSGb*%1C?Jyxb V:5}ž>"Ò̽#UA)/3'ۺʳanaۚ:35:/9bIܺ+ Dc{5c؞ӣؾx8)l[NyNBJfh zd?fGi<Wr~G?+P##K)_ ˻$+d9Og#+ /sdLFf~wv?2j^zf-ehrZeAMc1_qh1C?HKu$5.STHQ;{fZ[aXa-{j& ?b6H;k֫ף{fDx_YYspIVr\}N{,wX*I]&Ygb1@Ef s|[Rmi[|,lu9"3kR`&\F<#t.^(mZV`Zanx-5K2<0^5Y׬.ɲwVkbbKs yx YgT+bS+}n_#v1y\;gcW,·5:bSH}K˽~Y>77c i{t7[Vўg Z{vx-ϵӗaVyFs13ϙ=v^wΧ48;̲N"r}0WֽVۆ6fZcw?;Vq`AUv|i~uT{bg.߷{{#$\l;οdߓ/V6ewJ5`{_oxӵҸC's<8rT ujkغf[kY͝K &o_j6tseVqk9˻bd Eثץ1,:o{ti46aKs*g>_9̺Ϭg=L#bj^>s20pηܺKhkX(qj֩lo+5:2K2Z ]'ڏQW2#jE>ْ+tδWKcYuj}Iwɥ9k2Kfzkuf{,1{$W(U+<)5hwb>T3-Uk_n91Ǧ^؏Qg3bm8|gY9*W?`K xjf~[Y~xH>ثY#gjkHLy{FJ=A'rNB>^!^v6 uRï{K:zoWNFQx~Џx>c.|iE`߯0;vW1lrM{VdC]Sv;kVjj g&#jyf':bzbP,[gW͚WI[yIFg䑖|1X GGMgٕ1XNx9=̱r]SWdk欕>F|z.ٚAJ/\_h@Fr{x&T}ƿ|?ԙ3kί{I?ni}jԕOo6#};tx?4̍PWoMº5:]3ketFls|\!#aD^F~Џx=ޯnL'J%;_q.d!t UlrnZcg%YgM+T,?5w3ɑu`l.*΀gɯ묎؏gex?)g(Obj%-*u-r~&Oyn?}\Nw=sLv>?w4SsmXe~^ Ψ;(޷Pp_G$y1k{ebϚ <_Yi^SWϴWGjGwE9YZ05GFӑG`>|Vw\S>v߶;wp,r~p/\,||hq:G%:c8d{q`%:X\! \RsC`Io!zr80sYp0}7׳ !R ^ WW O+KrS \ >}zoo}w޽yf q۷oϟ_wwD9?Ç/}<ovG;ǒ>Iߐ1|>fC$a\U*NEQ#m%r; I,#:UL!ckB1Ny|GQYґx-Niؖ>|gd {C|!Kħu@v(e쬙_(#bV`K Yg6S(mJKߤC~)H(d ?\borP*I5#Ŏ[k\/ڳu1dXL3l})?RG:k깵yp=[#5p|[u,VJW < h=;z>Ōi&YN6J!H$H\Ǿ WW0it=\&ďɭi+լ5׶Y,P>MHBԚ|4^ ϚI{$֒X-e m| <'_X[?}Ju0,u^vbgkc=|2Ccl,n˭|!={jEq2uں55a>RGO^PO~խN9Bjj*J|_ \3ջG/5U54b/F ̊ 6p\_pwvonS3G]3vcnXLAҦN0f3h>VxzΡz< JmOgfN[#"\+5u,dGV[ޙqO}Wwn#qm*?IAhk#ꎤ֮M`qkN-c:f?f?5c6Tl>s'|mk{c|Yksu-N)Ӭfpj=^eO~;>S7D->ːO%>JũU?oȭwkV{ΖobW60ˇNWaz;)˯y Bj"s1~ԞSN3u&&/gFM]G="g2{IH aN41zI`&OSWH`ƽ-Z9xnPʫ)^Os~QRS:CJ Ysdz]QW~%yscZsY΃R#s{^9rOѵZ'\Qb0ۑQ+l^G[^u2)Vڰ~,&Od5wb2Rɚij4Ƈ>fHb[mx p#G̏"m-0MdZ">swZ?޳fb>Ջ({ŗ%y'ptH5f8c1XxOtn=ѵu?~VގTjBm{mO[rQY7=gfx]YʨO+am=<;v~6lKlE5;;^:IQ8E6&kckndӍ^8Vמޑ@ᘵ:0=K ˭xbljlߤ|~>#XX;W<;Y|Tc>eK<ߝ,ϕY\kizIY90:ut{^bzjpVgwTښ"WM ([پ 5VV 㪍Y9KߎLu /K忉O{So-Fe Xd)ϚĽVHrzdjNڈ֞Gxױ#9gڿ+Jz~lNVX1ίdfͯs LYG;1ڵ5ۃX}_^:$q~p,Z,vvyzGxjiL,fVbc<#}[KBo>6)7R9B`}5[9Ga`׎lJ`W2R g++jڥjv_[i wt}Rوɯ>]/3[u̝Jr~\~ m`w\%s^3+eQҟZ?&rkF2c}dw|ϚT],Yh/-.?<8fޯos}}نgM/$N)ȭYP[,l#3z]5ʰ$+d6nX1*N=+ij#[|:+dQ+}]Iܩ `1:1;bTmXhH{}?6{ŕǘ}^bh; {PFfy 6vl&~g95(ﶶפt[{7ygGւz}X]6Rs_9^K YΕ[IټQ2/;mH=&dWxc}A\}8氞!x#T{(՝! m?^ܘ5_[2~ս,%8cM!C~jl~Dž9vM[zMS:ّYюl'G ){ӧ2/uKwigM@9f= Yu S#|y>϶Sdj-vk35{fnFKg}5Q>07'WmLaIVr,hGJWbsUx('ޘ}`1FF!oͱu?ϒ?~UޛZ˛ZY3dQow{iLv:ha>2;>2t&#?'LF,v'9O>YZW_=g6nm^{n+Ȱ$+d9Og#+fΚIb54Vum9{U;'gI5CgȢ4^0&׏ غH(Uc{1o;cΈl]7*>ڜ[{$==Җ{GG* YѪr~+/eRyv>dcgb57î} rL[x}չwMof= g"Z{ >1'Ntdo/75Ofjgm.?Z"Ey&(4^RncT,v:wːȝ5 [i eewksm~}?jc:Y˛޼Y3igwgɂ ~sԱu9zk`gs2c|햚2ᚹՒ4v.g飭b3Ȱ$+d'KiWXS.)'n4V>`W71Y=Omcu,Y1ĺ{+Ym^>?^N7<>YK|X7u0﨧^據ϙx,ru;bb5 >L&d*_mmi+S{<{gڻ!hߏfD֜ղ(7Ι)hlU&KZbOwXJgó~;'[ZYX΋q qJwzaIVȲɕu*+Blٽѧ2'7XG [w<,|7cUhuU5b?=Fur~uYjm7VTY*fu R5cS0z/ʯ?՜HՆuugdjּANԼ|D'Rv6x:ʯAs}:u֏a+_U\okfTrN73dl?KI6ÿkɳĚxTGR~ToO ClFy0VG<TYUy-BmN]!^ѷQ_5{(vv}sAoΈVʢ?ҎUD}G,dkc{Rlqm铙ENǙ3W3lJHm\eu79Y!]EmG,gu-bsZekov/QN4#Qh,JcUQ++ 'g~[ٞA)^km~krg=|Y\ p~d,Sh};j+[f(Ff.c)m{8Zޜ7K%3Ep~w~,_r;9Ot%v) YWf+نre%rY1K%<<5IU_- =t1.2+Ψֺ"5WdNq;SvZDSuLޙuϏ&O YS[r r%Qꀜ]rEǏ5WY"AAAA#BAAAA>"AAAA#BC>}ooxr~Aw}ww]@v;?~u\q!x?p.ƻ.<!h"}ō Vo`v]p{/>ݻ7o޼8~Fv>"t0uyV:F/#ଙA/G{U}Bћ7ofuu:?8YLBv47t ?̓mP{ F};s9@!hMLCFAvϟ:8.{۷b3 Ϸ/}%d#Bg.!Dܨv{YuDgԄEbF x;8s܋ y_ p6*?z}9!h"y;5\#'lV/(mm;}65+CH[[>םŇ4wpsVG,$";|DT&K*O>5YJ0[AA##q c3d5eT{ڬ>%1شEv4d~hwN[as Ƹ?OgfHB>|:G.ĬS5zv]ά|ȶӵVfYb 29mGF;PZ mpUF]kFv##BW 8ge\\ChaN5YVV=ܟq?^r͠?c"tUHG &8/wքza<+2j##q jW^i4o>#Hy`HJgM'e6?iKU#~Mm% XG=W\ AQ&:^~7H[Yc܌#>k.)7:yHAmk="RmW)~-gV ([HNZ;#b dw}ڎK'G)UTiLFf5[aq*:HM%5PAнM?#q8n G''-;i8QQ|D-vF~ܩpJ#T.HUv:4plctj=_G]w-Og'kCg3#𨲻u‹Ǐb& %>"AA|1 `P? V|! N?|G }`0z` ѼuhR__6 V>9˥g!,AMaٟE1kG  @>>b¨ՂGH"tAA7 ]DlG{=q͛݀I B'z=J)щWYk$-Iߓߕ8HzaNםzESWή:s a{B^ٓV󧏑Сѯd4QATB_QkY>bT{\ tyu`̞bsf#CA (H>t)]ބ:zUoJJn8fl(vuE&_{sh>bdZᚦ7v3E\KĬ"O#'6C-3_ikW̆-+}C|D}7zok i NNFV_s ZO|~G$HS؊e,o8=]m%7 U^=QzX}ı7gn|Ћds d󧏑sС#Ѯ. kZgJ!{s=Jb[-Y6^f֚+,k-ZC.:{|ʷW}Dբl6:>CmnGjpFEX>Xݒ>\O|zr`u7̦8i PW|ՕaM G:EP|q9|h]ORFDפJT6U[^jܱ)x dG@]}6wQi{|GAjPMA`uuFXwؖ+ ~o]]<[O.:J޽g}PO7/t#]d]#ݚ62VW/{wN*FF#݌FFҾne:Ҩe<\lR_ 츞 2:>b#ݚ15jk[j*}G4Ai ie?M)s}s_LIJ+}3tt>M6utG`uRQGMkT*V1ڀz{XRJYPW|}so }W74SϺq)vJ|Dǵw6g;غGT؈mSMꦾ:Fܾ3/kJal \9DW&q j4JN{m5)Dӭkl ДlYb]Ƨ>Z8Q\'Z]̛vuVBy:*}=USL]G6V ]\vuR3:?]k\ѷ>b*semk+c:Uh0 hޛ}Ĕ)LQ%&`To^EF~ft ͸tĽ =Y6G1ԙ7>] &huUi/ofDE^st+pi]#FPok}_YC%7= pե ]Ԍ)tZ#F 3nB U6gVZZ,5oJA -"Z@M-tP1GǻG7侅M|K}eoǃ,XUmeϊ`en) Wv${>2jsh?OG$5&1*婤>?YsnSCh|3߽߯ܞyӺG6z,;IhžGܯG0`)b: H|XT4-FR*ƁH ed[DnhmOi~ }^m/jM^z{R5:،I?: f?77HI nĨdD ˛5oj7Iͥ4JѿP(? y;=6}yh3ZSY{*JNgSh*G<΍4 58U c}DU3}$ZSh_})grq)r&!"èȓm)iM \luCXK0QھXv7w_khisiG>q+~>]ی))|Tү8yٗ +wROE=(VZ}tOs`J=G>XCw}5oѯ|վ\?Tw:O1V]R7?Ӫ3ۇ:EojڌV"-U>XFD4-ek$ms*MJ| |LjaQ$Q&5UFniձžGY݀IS`J#0d_sFXGBR_geM2o}R_m#Ƽt4ꁴUG|ڄeQ)VWMZEhé{-WÛ1=:>bP9sy?ߺt_rόFAeS|zauc"G1Ϯpc2>cRm:g@~3|IT+(ÃCz2ڼWfW3:=X4CwiA 'Tqk*U -aY>b=7Z9Xc^3.fߢ_Y#٥";L3o\G32m qRU`fW鰺*y"^Ϩ[5j̃>o7-e/bW7u {jG)SNi<'{`3\&"^p! +. VdT[+ |ļnF#ԏLRfdX=<}JK}Gj.l72w磢q2ECW ?\r:S;_꒙azJ9AמiZkJQTXjn\Ew k8tF-e>bF3E4x D#bh %ɨMS3jTtL-_xԹm_ZO?754QjS@󨷺Ύ)u1#``9}Ǣ`E5e 43 |ċQG# OՃl S@m[l1{FXjvdr[+jӚuQv7ZKN}5{ Mk3*Ut,!,h QV]j8i F7Wv9=]Ҍ)}̭D 3ZEE"i-\)mt-kîTGԫ8RO8ebu9i-6`}SGiOeO>]=ތ)a}D+[=jƾѴuB4FɿY_S kaWsH7D4i~?AtSk]Qq#iR3@Ǔ ih) -- y'U;A^{MCAA>"AAAE8|A= |DwAC"; !AAG  !  |D    G  !  |D  G .O}݇.0*׶ʧO[ѵ !;믧so޼y~K\۞MtǏo~D|D \;ºޚ};#αyZ)G .M>}rYokH;Ç(7w^ݿGn@gN*+ӛ7oN\T\ ];hgW=]A\-46Ln^߿#ϟ?iݻwfzpƏ?W8+Oerm7L)r-Y@cVnU+fN΋hc*őZ+a6H*#7.~\ JMTe SLCb3diߵҞ-]g c:ל5M]h#Bche쌟H*oMQQ˗/34}ݶ({/Ľz1ǁW(wK~?VP_[yѲMS_IE0&}{i:o3cgX'?XD׀KnH=w/OR-nGS5/7GTcn1qy!*ONP'uU}/GoLٯ9ce_c)T1k϶軆t9)5C:'7u1jj B#XpJшQ_آtE=gA1馶}w{lIkS >">"4B~0707G V['A:y 5AM1`OхCQS5"4G<2>)GR]gj tVGV2GAe-gFW (|įsS:+-ĔS ʸ>Q'#([xFѴ]'TQS3dŗ,˙>mSGfQ&::7>B9K̄cJ|TAP*Ԍ7)#U3Z9朒[).37F C!۪As#BdfimlnJ.-ݛ ړ R[zvuMR. kJmx_ieh~G~=aQ&[ܔ>1et]soM* hO7n.iZ9[% 75eIѯW_p_eP?:VQ3w]/u93V1R#Bc(uhnJJσƟTAP} tBP }_7Q ghvVK=ISo Lz+V4:9twty"װQ*hݖӓ J5o*9y y5t-AGVvܔԍ/ӓ'OZUusS78T==o?h A>"t!NMqj4q[S$AP C]n?=sRxG49Ak$ |D |D |D~WT(#@A%銀RECa,A A'5CA>"AI"o h5 .#juu>}q]lrMUNQ}wK@US/l@]]q aHJ|i2g Q~sq隷 >T/}vE3װ+dcQo߾ᕶC"$׶VC44O^oS\ñ IAϗyN;s0v[d͸n<%}Yk@\gjYsp=6rė-UwCc]B!뗋Rv*%ǃk*'M.:˦5!)>&HR>۫C^\ΐn>b+gδ>*@;-:O8,-3SUGNWUS.R^rAڵе:XyE!) I#rL+KS ҭP_yO:\f.{ tAsRNUvF'M-N,0@Q9퉊ӵǏu̍*&~̑KI4ƺ' חuZ8nnktWTK?Rk޶VT=ڞTrw٫2$ vW3d\F9'QUюiֹv&z@74ea켷Rv+c4d"eN%E>k~%MlN''"Ub_{{~?e{jHN aچ*Uwʭ(4fAQ wJ3!//uFE>{Qj{JjS5Wz.F?א8ң\R}DQΨRNs&fL3v[?q,uOSC}׼}sQ43:k5tyUgTŠc{~]J!SisR,r܈28ZHҋm9v$޻o[v*|DX={c3^Im5W*GTSRGoQ55Y\rP.)>}gCu\;5ya켷 QazPhh'M%yjQE #9BW칬sꐽ&)X߻[ σY5wk@1G*.GVfTMX>Ӝ`;@jye7ߌz=*ygc5Y\rP.)>+} g^ut4@;-{g6,g %q_l.fpTgNW_{.$D7kXN,4&p5^Pj|oVf͔wD4{o.)Yz0CMFH?7 y_s} v5X!Gw^/#ǎcN\߽<b06o'oAjx&n;gehM%}.Q8*-m/0NњS>ʲR-l]Q::aݦ}&SFdj`k6e|AEA`'(YAZeQXA3R "u+ ;|bJbFC>b\cGM7w3Lt0yu^ߌT~޼ *(sQ43}VR|'}"Z U _~yӛ!'@[t}L^ܷ2Օ,vzkz>v^EG+i/%/?jb5ѨڞbTr}\elgڔ-_G1\;2yn11 7l6}] *is7;<*}JZȬܻ>`ۀ'wk"a+hٮ Z>6ݽBkTqNtnUlc##u| GZ,A̖{kʰtcU! n,ͳn@I0:"G 9.g3Mte&#֌|mW*+6k8cP 438v*GL6PGM U'YuAW$˧Wrw) PEFj>>hEmePFleMiR7zNGMjy '@} Cȥ5}(gVmsT4ZU7kLtJW߾M*v^c\ةҶ7zQ}`k*x{Z776="mZ*h۔:⤐#-wje;] QX7%J_G̏nt{呠>b3kurpYcS=]|]\hۛdGWHKnB%R~[ZVH Ofx;Z030UZP6Ѕ"R}gգFۣdg!nOI>b32?2)jvfNc3\W1dl{MN*WNS%UMb_*XܺWkݸ{G̫&{ /37>fJԣN=fP}xKJ'$1ǍT4t3 LtJ'o\d5|*VY/gLI7~w3aPT(J(:VN \>:ș|wGL_ۯ}|V)(j{u3(>b!}rԷ[vYr]z ٙ&:cgo\d$o[eG@a/}iS7Fd#*ɳ|1L=aFۼuU \E{Kk~GLkvkI[Ҩ w nE Qh{ui5ǺҠ|Ӝ-R@BJt{ί#\*TҕbRcķG\c.fpTRnܺd\ ?᥁]6T֒ͻb:tk$n׿iPVSG(]="/u6?-y6o?hmbX7KZl!xiKJ|GXćԃMWr"f !h0}X  |D   [ѧO-zY"tx~gM19:;nUnZ{vW 8sQǤ~;JA&>}P݉FjA!)vsjgj# OMT93@2Q u;XRK>6#BO:YH쬹_{_-}*Jnt3tRon8ޮWTFb~k:eE9kާWr.&K=|vEfgMD7DW#܄͎+򯀠KѶ/hWnDKw5y>> c93?p |DyI'#tEN69'z JQGͅC*㴩nPoZDGxԝY:ym}W?JM>{&"KQfX+5RY[ #BLzl{ 'RgνK[: MTO1/B|-&5:T q͙GJWta?h]n6~Qf׶m]3%})RU 5!d_;:rn.A>z1M2Y}mNBQwj_U;kZCwu[kgnXe.Q*)UwF*%3?8旣*]GWPt}e3C[Щz)q$}D.u-JxMn6iu3a h]Y8_pSG .t5+})lx9Ni h`;.$U~)cnLakdeIvZwF~~j"'&WL#G5`)9vzolãAʋ4ܸpư8[1Ɗo+)Q5rNAv9@==3փ' 2D(_\)ҭ#uڜNUhyE'2#B׷-׉ ?Fl9/|vܚErtFԳB뒛Z?[;k,[,0>"U|z:]v~,$Rh%uMꩻ1fb&?>j2+*LhtN-^(}gKkh2qmn!;knmGYv2W>; >? :q3-fzoτix*e6E9vW6F]BT>Kuȱw֊wAѱd #^G(3+cS,_Gg}Vi XeJ>0_m+ ڋ268m)|Dڌ 7A#~qgM΍tEcK]N7򥂆}٘gS} EoJM׺}  |'A2rv4gZ..2oL- Ndus/+J~Ӷ2;gBھ~W"{k q ](BII\+Y-~G5˦җ둯z(A]bo9n'#RV*!i#2fvZ#ܚ|Ӧ^^x*N B߲gfT(FEKzA7k^#Gz3 |EWeu#st#ϯ _@U׭;~1*e]_`k>h A>">bU2 WnbYE ԥ&=✉I ]^)Ȧm}>3d@#>!;75k8ze[nC<-%1񔦗FՉ>q\Cu|MMQ^I?R 2Pۗ J@ {>Fz`ﲤWYd6o3`SKL3eʽPa};jg` |5>␹f8I1s}ceΏS9l`5O bTT^n">bkx΍pN0#FKHo/r\- OK>QJjYqpc+M5RI'@;-:uĂξ9d7zo|v WLQQywo9+#5KMѯ:'&3 ֙lk2 =N=YWv;4SBQG0*ftuہYT>v )=6via쌷t뼺yt.[4n'~z[M4Q)y#jž~`sN{GץM=n >wXYNCoұEGBR e~jJĹZ6w:7-p;8 t?QQy4G୫ ҍ@b)Aq|eXB8Ql/B?ؽ])~|$H]jMܪ cG݃Peȯj씉j7ꋊ)Ъwe7~m#c%nzm[>diJoiPΌTf>Mz~R:GŖzNsq -?r}}SE]KPWjv':Ygk[a?gn`7̹͕WIhuEAc/!׫ywOAKwq_.6͓w5i(c@`ɩP0Mn>s23i3] NC8a켷7?-t+9AKddwd}t &ZEۙJ*vG,$NbTJ'qG#7*aVI;&'eݶ!^.`d8t)1_@>[ܭހju'4@;-{eܧ$A=UDv~;U#/׉ IJCT:\D=kVU3?MC`}[CTEYڌhx\|.kwBAK)> c5M(3^[ƚٙAb7O"CۙzۛT;jzPhOmhAqE;uzkZptwPr: klhJZZе#5:|ćalQgy=u%=oYQX2hF5ggZmH |zAJ{/yGGt w'n1zK5HJ9uDHVu ASʔJ5U!(M,M1yޘ3)`2wJ~;2>5T*}v~;U#ꖮOך*/Wy$>">"to;Xfn;:;ۥ2m"XlSc5{g/8)tvgg#c%zۉ.A=}ԓ-¨LSؙTǙ"MbTJ'GGnOIܪ$:L?I$!]qN)᠏sƷlYZM jGdW,T;7*Up,KS |TMcS冞VUrRҺ^dڌfp>wbe:5G˨J@mHcQFp-J⼻|GGjXyBEsc0 Ez+KS.!Ov/Mu '5 ƢyG=kizs샌N2(+:UT=οrNtjȾֺ1`.yvE5ֳՕ?G u(M4\| |ĔL 'I{ob;?N3*#/Or=>"ȴՔ#+yI?d;VȌ˽{TGX/J7MW7Z*ukf[#ݎc&slY_3֔BKuj8QQyP@zR+A31u+]G}mnvּ`*S~e *2n2{ L3kZؗja@emrNM3*%/.kG_&9-Ph̐R/= {ƞtOsLKD ݺ1 |ƞ"5>bJRqzs~s2tg a a,⻯dkPpGǤI甡9{Cz"@"y u/XAAh!_;4 |DE e, |D   ~L~/_"AAAAA#PC*Ϩ`!p.Ѱ:pT4@2N8;A0 >x흿$G{l8d@]DDrBKlL&"4&?D< -sD6]ң\{^WU+}wgΫUuuEy'M|h~a?m~~ yh>F~L~Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]$b$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL> 0AA@ʚ;V7ʚ;g4gdgdx: 04ppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma& Jiang Bing-feng IOPP CCNU 2008.4 *  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function calculated with HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary R c <Motivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacuum and the dielectric function dominates that differences. The dielectric function in HTL approximation is incomplete 4 /= _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<` 3 The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 242A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,   *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution external line and inner lines -----hard bare propagator and bare vertex are enough hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature  GSoft contribution = + 6H   7Effective propagator Coulomb gauge, real time formula#8   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!P  0  Hj(  Hr H S   X H 0A? X H 0A$?Mq%6 H H 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.\=Q+D=' b = @B +rsB r 1\((im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` Root EntrydO)И"(PicturesCurrent User22SummaryInformation( Oh+'0\ `h    (<Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasmajiangbfjiangbf38Microsoft Office PowerPoint@Pc)@0KH֝@0)ݥG, g  .  y--$xx--'@Arial-. .2 Calculation of Dielectric ."Systemp7-@Arial-. $2 #Function of a Quark.-@Arial-.  2 #m-.-@Arial-. 2 #pgluon .-@Arial-. 2 /?Plasma .-@Arial-. 2 F$ Jiang Bing.-@Arial-.  2 FF-.-@Arial-.  2 FHfeng.-@Arial-.  2 F`Li .-@Arial-.  2 FgJia.-@Arial-՜.+,0    dĻʾccnuv Arial Ĭģ;Calculation of Dx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` x`      O02$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]$b$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL> 0AA@ʚ;V7ʚ;g4gdgdx: 04ppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %::Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with effective perturbative theory---HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,_  c <Motivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacuum and the dielectric function dominates that differences. The dielectric function in HTL approximation is incomplete 4 /= _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<` 3 The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 242A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,   *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution external line and inner lines -----hard bare propagator and bare vertex are enough hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature  GSoft contribution = + 6H   7Effective propagator Coulomb gauge, real time formula#8   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!P  0 `*(  r  S  `}   x  c $t   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.םP0+D=' z= @B +rn J1((im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` x`      O02$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]$b$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL> 0AA@ʚ;V7ʚ;g4gdgdx: 04ppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %d:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with effective perturbative theory---HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,_  c <Motivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacuum and the dielectric function dominates that differences. The dielectric function in HTL approximation is incomplete 4 /=" _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<` 3 The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 242A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,   *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution external line and inner lines -----hard bare propagator and bare vertex are enough hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature  GSoft contribution = + 6H   7Effective propagator Coulomb gauge, real time formula#8   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!P  0 p(  r  S I  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.؝̢+D=' z= @B +r12*(imx66Iw9|k s{_׾yBz_o޼B!B!B!Bǽ^!Bfxuul6W^)%.&) U5Q<|5y9V/q b?}埇rlI{+ Z||52SA )q}}{wcq8ǔm}t) cL*i+ml_.nw-?F)rF;:߷-i;)Q P*?G\) ~M kcj]9u;6CW=f]9gRFB֒Ps!̮v&>-yUZ95-s(Rc3Q sؒPS_]p]a=bX=Fqv̝s!U>hÜ>~G3 jG-)j혪bqǕB`6LͱnwKUSm>ujhIcR#DFV\1G_J1/-?WI5ak_+ǯS#:_qHΗ ֊Cu!vTv_ڽ%>HՎ\Z#4ercxI^ٮ;FuFvqTmȑcC%{T}drb;ǦhGN}; r,}yؚJsF-3Fslvǹ㠥)ڐ+҇ȱ5ϓTr}KQ>urrbTZڎ"A{w]--MޜF>}N5䒓3bM+Sڑ[猃}Ԧ!gч`\,TcvK6α!X#H\k]Yn*'FKkG-!o8&jq~;&U~jn!H}%al| E|E c^ (Ns}/Y!#ځ!B!B!B5W%{ B!B!B!Ux^!B!B!B)n^^g^3-Vi39B&wUkkYNBAբ֋&c_ ֺW:i-yQ_C!ssiRj a{k+0?< B$kKr|TGΝ jy%]:;rZmtkx}}k=w 7G\ 777>,EODTqOIuONsKckFm><7vv=Ǵ@X[u.H_CǮq%*>ϲ^Hq4USءvn(!Φ|csšH2N׃K.,㢦szVcnѵ3|4m}AZ +U^bkO15阖ԬZ=%bC,Ku=gS3us8ʱ5am5y-t"gZihf}55P;Sφ-*DzC˕cYkSC?kOvk,BCۙ!9VY@gC75Ǻ}n#.5ɐ>ա5ןwcn7ǩkcۙ!9v8X{Sr* S\wc7YkUkKծd53GShL;SqcK3wuc;)q\9]7qTYr&бrԴtיTq{vhc_^\9WoƜ;aM{O̱ߍUrmq;%iy+>Hu)qqz!ѶK׃BOYGh|qӠ_W`jk)`hqq׎t#Sai1sٓPo֗c\qF\ʽrӹ֓:$SƜI=d:hlkjg6TKh_+vhq!š#o΍6A׺rY'38Ωmt ?|k'$Nl х9"z/Z1񜑱Ŝk(tZڙ2껇k6j2cط ¥^#fMG,y82/[9c3g\D?8?BwP B!BXu^r]!B!B!B!pU{^WB!B!B!B!\^gB!B!B!Bg Y^' `BkOL͇oyzy"~ǯw>nl6Wp Og߰-@S6 *iq ?ސ4axZ3N|xGnpj'XϫqZgSmnex5 kj6ɛnԞ3xmӥgCEU;qrոY;~i:#k⣐`?fh̷?=V`;W׋;b}>mxUO;[4<ⷝG: $jg{6V}߇>;ؾ䈟X y2ǫ9'Ryծ3q[mG7M?oX-GZ1j->^e G_/*×Fa]sUy=ձk!ƙb ŦÇF=Uk)l]zEe3)+y5iƙ|ogEH?QO%UkXvzfy ld~z6kx5BC0niixUO #Jkb^/] o} ]{jr-6s Sw& O n@ oc{03^b0iiBI]` c@Op"C l!iE@ReUx<9Zƞ|#/.2L*u_=3=3=]7}5SUߪNN'''/Y~7?|s,^$;-?oO''߄/xKo~? ɟ}O ?*~U'埧|o/}^O$I$I$I]_+kZE$I$I$Id!7Q5 _PI$I$I$I% ܪ ɻڇmBdޞ|j&d~_6!IL/._+Zx~w̏WB3٫е Ǧy7hU+ξ%sݵxţyJχX9^|q+~ʦS؇i!:~W Sߠ{c>xmv} e~ u3e}>V'tx//{&6AnFߠw̿N\olU+: h\'U__9o\.^{kYobœ1dsk6Џұo;Tv5"9Fk g'8FSjl&կusD=8~( qumCχ!G4~^|=Iu4kZ:W?Wͯ_5\7~]7Qo0b>/|j|ݵӈA8^,SʪOϨA]&ߘ;mxmk=0cp1[7*/6kv1xT޿ͻ6c#iFsn$ۜ^3Tr] r~>ϹOKY狱}u{dm|~|F|9%[ < ru֟`_jNk*t3sڹ6(sM!O99d똃q{4&w9>p΍kìZ_'IOOZ׹7?bgkXHq]Uu\w䙱,Z09PZ(y_7$+VO7 4PKœ<(^#_1׬K;YwzV;Irٛ2?/Jˌͺ^xz,zj6$˻]M{_ЪV{f:cCQ{e4뮍m;' dZ {ƞyw$Incvs}i4ìi:?$3?sgkJMs|"϶k .<1}x4GǷz6<ۭU+=z.1̭=!Ic\K9nYl1Cv5F|iZOjzy4;5HڟkAK5H$yZ_Gڗq]rjHr.i/jލV<5_4=^=s]Kϔk$ԞGRKƥ(Sy^y!4 b+@vYc^:߱TZ` zs9΄$_GFܺiAﳶ0VS"i[90WSdkQ#?~5!IkȨɜQ$\TvOxsѸIUs a1oمazHrs7(G\|r#IZ9esZSN}}1ؾ t}6Dyk-ws}sHR߀czw>#wi=IR#[7{Z@8n&s?)7 93GPCiյx^|ުk8ބ$3ORub[?Z4O&GUqH۳}7>>a׭w;HGOU!ajW>1y7a$,To?umͯm{ܚ!Ian7m2 ☈"'34ׯM.zޛkxtվj1mqcuO1MAFyx8T߳UW+`n$g7vXwksP-Iw:ރ+ ܎Vz>:ξyf̾u%]'O$Y?oM>[)ѵo}?g?65 }F>sq' R;}'O5FE=A?Ʃ1?dߖyfw>_M_[3uX׮}^#e7?8|,lu\Zzq$>?<]Z 9Ud\=uƹ=vxn')i̽Y9^Hm-_]cܘüԺkcmsΡxj>Wiy߉Yc"|PZ2?76P~uJ_dz_5DPW0vBbJ9(}{oGsc܍3̵ަvjN5;6Kۿ$9ܸ{U3df~">SqOWoǟW]{G$c%4kBgy%8V=35~ZwOS#hU+ھsos9/8B4OY}nƿK3nSk^V׵y~$IۘA_ޙNFiU=~xNȊz1TMcNǿvgV}={"4ϡžny8~@q\IKdrI$I$I$Ir $I$I$I$YT3$I$I$I$IU+ $I$I$I$YRZ$I$I$I$V$I$I$I$ɢjީ I$I>j:wwwڱPAÃv$IggNNO_\\mw?E6,o7yq6$;xV$9k O}n7ȂWZ}nع~$I#4ց9X"q1Ц_급ǚ#I_3۶zqZ yj+z}D$91 '߱>hS6un$IzCgsq>kU:$IӶz..%ywj5OQ5Z |ZZ؟8!I䴬k仪$GϫWηﹻnB?{Vd޹,>Sw&I4Om W9&A$96nSQ̈UX'$Iy6Y0_k}pb"_&I,j$IVT߀kw9X/ѹac'm:mB/ zXOfڄbxf_R?:Z@\&k}k?$9]]KB>N=}}݌c>qj51>uv5~I_CΧoЪV˳ |_bmQcc&u5PZ?_8Iv{7{Qc͸64SռCwu>kG<,&{~=Ø{딌suk<琴"O@G{7C=xmC]vݽ$?u]+cqa+ƹ5h?\Ԝwws4$9lMSsq|^$ͩ~A\g9R~]Ps-*}UgA@x/'8vQDs^7$IeƤ8Pr$Ir i?~?ٲ$Is6]ZoC$1ʽUIY+ZIέaI$̹$Io|3_pX`"xV$I0FM_ I$hl5v6!IxV^!ӱI$Ƕ~G뼪gdk$G^+p# ⸷69 $I4PO`$I sd $ه<g Id9 [`)$Ikz}[ S+y{H$vl98MH$9d5/C$Nj^ G.#tX|}_sA$!Dz˥s5H$I2j6^+RIT2ڰ_A$>c|ƹ$Ij6 <VLq/X@$!sq~A$I}n~ViV#F3xf_g+xH$zo= $Ik̚N 1GjH~oΎ_kI$9D޴禾Ikn ȦY$I7Z1$IP߀dѵ ~#H$o@}$Ip.}V $IGP?$IF%I V+զG$ɲ=?cZ߀$IT>￾OI{j~P+RIrx?~ͧ77Lj>~ Id>A̜W$IƣGY+Z0D$>]VZN$I~ڻ?3[k[$GR+̾duXh\.?qA{$IOc fGڣ*W{$IOOw}X?_U+@ZtkH$9d=Ն$IR R̠/_+pV`SoooI$ACǷDI$4>3cj)M3xi_󯩯Ƽr4C$Q[&=?j$Ij ~뎬Uqs$I5n$Ij kon}M IVZc n&*i$INuMak㚐jm $Ikn?+j6 |$9}ݬE҇ I6P A7$ɉ |R+XTEl}$IՇ:19$I,yf|Of>}ؗ8Y/~|aܣVZ$KS1u?_O87M>Y^{;$I5fWe6V}:~C,H$IvT+Z:hh _ I$I$I$IZ/W$I$I$I$ɒjn $I$I$I$YT'$I$I$I$IU+NI$I$I$IE V+@$I$I$IdQ/ $I$I$I$YTs$I$I$I$IU+LI$I$I$IE |9Q+@$I$I$IdIjH$I$I$I,VZ$I$I$I$xV$I$I$I$ɢj^ I$I$I$IZjH$I$I$I,VZ$I$I$I$xV$I$I$I$ɹ_MZX'Q+@\ɫboggv5%KXϔ"lgJq(X,D`c)]zv6T _eZ' S /rKgn75u?3|ί(v_~D!u_rѤ uuQ t*$\`mC| Ը\ ߹2sQxq>XDCrURiqJD[:}>yәMiAT.{/Ɯ+\7Bnp ?+~h;_T. oe^QCIfߗ+{;swqfܻ  %r+UsHY^?DTCv1jDpͲn֍u"C< /AM"ո毤nQ<džpx株'w@~t޻ /̮\r0ŞsH>0]'Q*38y 5!%\ڀqX!&Ul)09!3#l\^tm"`BՑO+L~D{Bs=E.FHu?n*5ξ;zBƉ0\.gp~\|푕 ˏg@ )+˾8#ON>M5BLշqvq>PG;'\z_ayWWGT%g*?=}1:rpf}͟e9IT EEH^=w6yr0|(GgY2&qD{X=1hTKN^8g@Wq(Uq("Xpquzl?z&}(rEna%\p+eBQd2BBh$GZs+9 v%D8w__rezYM9vIsZ}6S)mQk¯tA s "fޘ_c7lە6)UOyGT_0oN=:jri uCF5,OC(|^-䕋é@ *B@rTB='[`'0䕋UƮ0vi* .z4kӸ484ndX!J-3}w=N^ #Jk=+rꁝѧ .`mVtE~4L'~DZb82Up A"itY~|L]Ii3C'\t-3BGtE@ԃE:;ͺ}䕋IE:"-rni_䕋.:67 1}߯24N^UFMѦ^iש,24Ǥ\tص/nC=eY:-B[b S.ڐ#6ߒT6[ˉr오#{K.tڞE];PI3\$MiHaNUME&RmIH+.W3{=T2"`;n{:w6iclr ڭ[ +e3nWTE&{ ٻ/4aO4.g;=HF# Aq!4dAT%.JaK(.ڏ4Ѳ^hOFNZǧ?(.}Ca)dFi\B;UE@ԥ b?inImw&:5rҪdoRh? dD'%ir)h4c+ãD@C."afp:'=rɉH'o'W?[EK\$Zcr NAu9X.R䕋ȥUErcU."֑|jH.rE\Ҋ GE\$E'=\;z4pe4\W(c$KՇ+MQsz8"H.Q|p=dKaTZrR"\^ X,4]}"Tv1[ÃK _haLpimgBHDSooPT)1-r;@O^.mWTgE&ri4~Mr)C{(M{՛{J.I1;"`u޽x\v57J"<iQgbzhp{Jv"Man4'+\tN-vQ)y>9 }A6pkC5EI2=dr!뤋]QWP1󘶂tj. iIڰX,^K-z^36.OҬJk_z#rkIҜ{M~=mI H\N+uX\J X-w_2~>|Z6;y̟*"=u^$9w)zq& Uuuv?"] /OxLK ɻ -4"p늴C>ќ[ehre]A]`'4`bZ4mf"NA+ҀD*wcN^!tY52lWO.FH=E@wWp:ӘݒE> ) Vi BQ_S/(C-"@4&F5 9yPdW.յ)|aH3ndG#H.uյ)^O=fG%Ermgqvj5ͯwNa\LB4QVUl):n4J٫|DM8D~)iEH9-9e޲ȏҾFiot\u>Q]..NVίbUGt7j#jgDzlMZ.F]4;>~]9.\oZ.x!ZwE3թvK##?k&7ϩ?!0w&S㏹YN▝T#k© l!0څTOETnMDT_XPᠪ1DTg ^xIGy"JD3r0-%4ODxxP7ǫW!`?ND{or0]4&5+߄l4{]5QM݄~\~"`64z|!|~.<]HDsJG];Qus]\a,R RO#u6t" lsur ?#>ffϜ+!6n)7*|mpj| M?Ns[5tqpE )%ͨ3p 7 JnLes *'u#'̓L8q>6>!|o ɴT!vNp> rP,.RM##=O~fHVF '')'9ojC"y?܀^d+mJJKB7qŐZuBs>>vpa%M-أ[xX Er\ Er\ Er\ Er\ IVwwwX,˝ެrv鋋[>/;b. o-TN?k1+"FWզOYȭv:JNO_7 +8iS떷ڴi].\I;*?y )]_?-$( XA-"tKڰ~[m9=}5%iɳe F y\IlծVsRJFv:zXSZ@.BO[n!DT/O{)P7 p i[\4)- ?>\m>GK26&rzڸmrrnn>ohW ݺCrW\7rh N F&A.*.iBMWMHxqsYA.*{\7>v 3`zHA.*jE#PmwӇcC.2tm‡!ݟorŸ*"E^swu!SL9 C1e?=>—76 *gzA.H}xJ=߱<䖐_D~2߇Ok<,İoc"MTwјFĦdž\4yPf' L?7s}p6᫜%\{hDTz/>\ |9἞Y:o*$䢒Aw{rѣH>_̖N@EAvfZgtt~fNc&-W.:STXh#SyAi.nG6F]YVuWLJWX_ ^f*nx{5Eri(<\ؕЕH/ŴѴ^/m>Ÿ] aF< ݍ)|a@.E=e3Mw\ Ei>z6kE!62B N(D|L4"hZ,r E @pvy4B 'mSIf?>EОz&z \GA!\{PZ_}*ݰ`rIOP`@'ͦ$8@.Cg}Vg%%rҸpf4EMڬ⭦"P/ 5*4I*3.y &nn>M5 (z/S]2"%`h;!2"%` !2"'-2XUF\`V+Em"s% ؟ i'k\`(i}[4@.0 M!Fr¹hbh'su//k @.03r-MrY50 E ǔ~̆cHGb'eh7̆4d]yxxPbEfys{p~F"!=+666 EAz @ZTbr9690\`6HިZ"3[i.rݟ\H@. A."r"@. A."r"@. A."r`> Y.` Ep~p\EøX@.0?;gM!O RSrQ_}ZCh  JިZ"3#s)v.\`f\^7b)vb\v;?)l(C:;\`6MxJ\.ŗL]̌4%d|"s%M-I+ooo5 i*͍}4EJzې6EJ]H5pz6׀\`ޤ  l'U\\`Ƥg2ڎB,@.Po m!! @!2C,5@ 2DZ\!#rVUZEڟI (z4ri Kڥ'|K)%^_t`r2If rk@.P2uq$u]MBJ:+@.Ǵsi&p{ @"ߤ*eE\ņ-p IIQZ&rl"G{Pd G@.hZ/3A")l))2RE>b\ {"%O9M}H("؏W)Q\\bQ^e~rm=X,&^y @FS8zxxGB4Re E-77SH/Z,i+|\_4wEIjiZml[SO&">~a(I"S: QuG'T1OrAŢO [`\)%T𹿿..z xxx^џGBvu׆P/1r` \۫W0SW>./߇̓/I_D"(!Ä|֦-)A]_ sGH8w_Iy)X,韤 @."@."@." Er\ Er\ Er\ Er\ Er\ Er\ Er\ Er\ EEߞD?o `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` | e      _\2$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]2$.Ѱ:pT4@2xb$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL>2$Rg7m[P;c ~A{ 0AA@ʚ;V7ʚ;g4YdYdx: 0hppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with effective perturbative theory---HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,_  c <Motivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacuum and the dielectric function dominates that differences. The dielectric function in HTL approximation is incomplete 4 /= _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<`  In general, it is not possible to derive an analytic formula of the gluon self-energy, unless in the case of the HTL approximation. The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 2A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,  Effective propagatorFEffective propagator is constructed with Dyson-schwinger equation BG/  *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution external line and inner lines -----hard bare propagator and bare vertex are enough hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature  GSoft contribution = + 6H   7Effective propagator Coulomb gauge, real time formula#8   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!P  0 @8x(  xr x S d?q  ^ x 6A ?<X x 0A?)  X x 0A? H x 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.?`v  0 TL|(  |r | S Tmz `}  z r | S fz ` z X | 0A? X | 0A%?}d{ H | 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.٥#Sr JLO1*(im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` | e      _\2$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]2$.Ѱ:pT4@2xb$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL>2$Rg7m[P;c ~A{ 0AA@ʚ;V7ʚ;g4YdYdx: 0ppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with effective perturbative theory---HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,_  c <Motivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacuum and the dielectric function dominates that differences. The dielectric function in HTL approximation is incomplete 4 /= _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<`  In general, it is not possible to derive an analytic formula of the gluon self-energy, unless in the case of the HTL approximation. The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 2A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,  Effective propagatorFEffective propagator is constructed with Dyson-schwinger equation BG/  *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution External line and inner lines both are hard momentum, bare propagator and bare vertex are enough. Hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature.  GSoft contribution = + 6H   TEffective propagator at finite temperature in the real time formula in Coulomb gauge2#U,<   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!P  0 0j(  0r 0 S `  X 0 0A?  X 0 0A ?  H 0 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.q+D=' V= @B +  0 8j(  8r 8 S |}  X 8 0A?TR X 8 0A?/H 8 0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.p +D=' V= @B +rP z } ON1*(im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` | e      _\2$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]2$.Ѱ:pT4@2xb$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL>2$Rg7m[P;c ~A{ 0AA@ʚ;V7ʚ;g4YdYdx: 0hppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with effective perturbative theory---HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,_  c <Motivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacuum and the dielectric function dominates that differences. The dielectric function in HTL approximation is incomplete 4 /= _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<`  In general, it is not possible to derive an analytic formula of the gluon self-energy, unless in the case of the HTL approximation. The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 2A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,  Effective propagatorFEffective propagator is constructed with Dyson-schwinger equation BG/  *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution External line and inner lines both are hard momentum, bare propagator and bare vertex are enough. Hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature.  GSoft contribution = + 6H   TEffective propagator at finite temperature in the real time formula in Coulomb gauge2#U,<   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!Prn,1*(im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` | e      _\2$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]2$.Ѱ:pT4@2xb$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL>2$Rg7m[P;c ~A{ 0AA@ʚ;V7ʚ;g4YdYdx: 0ppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %R:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with the effective perturbative theory---the HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,f  c @Motivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacuum and the dielectric function reflects that differences. The dielectric function in HTL approximation is incomplete 4 3Aj  K _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<`  In general, it is not possible to derive an analytic formula of the gluon self-energy, unless in the case of the HTL approximation. The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 2A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,  Effective propagatorFEffective propagator is constructed with Dyson-schwinger equation BG/  *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution External line and inner lines both are hard momentum, bare propagator and bare vertex are enough. Hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature.  GSoft contribution = + 6H   TEffective propagator at finite temperature in the real time formula in Coulomb gauge2#U   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!P  0 `*(  r  S  `}   x  c $t   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.םP0+D=' V= @B +  0 p(  r  S I  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.؝̢+D=' V= @B +r` I<1*(im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` | e      _\2$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]2$.Ѱ:pT4@2xb$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL>2$Rg7m[P;c ~A{ 0AA@ʚ;V7ʚ;g4YdYdx: 0ppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %-:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with the effective perturbative theory---the HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,f  c GMotivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacu-um and the dielectric function reflects that differences. The dielectric function in the HTL approxi-mation is incomplete 4 :H>b _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<`  In general, it is not possible to derive an analytic formula of the gluon self-energy, unless in the case of the HTL approximation. The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 2A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,  Effective propagatorFEffective propagator is constructed with Dyson-schwinger equation BG/  *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution External line and inner lines both are hard momentum, bare propagator and bare vertex are enough. Hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature.  GSoft contribution = + 6H   TEffective propagator at finite temperature in the real time formula in Coulomb gauge2#U   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!P  0 p(  r  S I  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.؝̢+D=' V= @B +r1*(im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` | e      _\2$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]2$.Ѱ:pT4@2xb$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL>2$Rg7m[P;c ~A{ 0AA@! ʚ;V7ʚ;g4XdXdx: 0Pppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %-:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with the effective perturbative theory---the HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,f  c GMotivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacu-um and the dielectric function reflects that differences. The dielectric function in the HTL approxi-mation is incomplete 4 :H>b _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<`  In general, it is not possible to derive an analytic formula of the gluon self-energy, unless in the case of the HTL approximation. The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 2A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,  Effective propagatorFEffective propagator is constructed with Dyson-schwinger equation BG/  *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution External line and inner lines both are hard momentum, bare propagator and bare vertex are enough. Hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature.  GSoft contribution = + 6H   TEffective propagator at finite temperature in the real time formula in Coulomb gauge2#U   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!Pr*21*(im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` | e      _\2$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]2$.Ѱ:pT4@2xb$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL>2$Rg7m[P;c ~A{ 0AA@! ʚ;V7ʚ;g4XdXdx: 0Pppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %-:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with the effective perturbative theory---the HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,f  c GMotivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacu-um and the dielectric function reflects that differences. The dielectric function in the HTL approxi-mation is incomplete 4 :H>b _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<`  In general, it is not possible to derive an analytic formula of the gluon self-energy, unless in the case of the HTL approximation. The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 2A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,  Effective propagatorFEffective propagator is constructed with Dyson-schwinger equation BG/  *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution External line and inner lines both are hard momentum, bare propagator and bare vertex are enough. Hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature.  GSoft contribution = + 6H   TEffective propagator at finite temperature in the real time formula in Coulomb gauge2#U   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!Pr"32]1*(im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` | e      _\2$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]2$.Ѱ:pT4@2xb$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL>2$Rg7m[P;c ~A{ 0AA@! ʚ;V7ʚ;g4XdXdx: 0Pppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %#:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with the effective perturbative theory---the HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,f  c GMotivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacu-um and the dielectric function reflects that differences. The dielectric function in the HTL approxi-mation is incomplete 4 :H4e _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<`  In general, it is not possible to derive an analytic formula of the gluon self-energy, unless in the case of the HTL approximation. The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 2A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,  Effective propagatorFEffective propagator is constructed with Dyson-schwinger equation BG/  *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution External line and inner lines both are hard momentum, bare propagator and bare vertex are enough. Hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature.  GSoft contribution = + 6H   TEffective propagator at finite temperature in the real time formula in Coulomb gauge2#U   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!Pr^]Ԉ1*(im `/ 0DArial_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖD[SOal_> 00TTsܖx: 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` | e      _\2$ oP3+ˇ2$Zpx>Mˇb$н.IU;3"R2$ANWӌk RiAV t2$sK?]FvK_(b$*pt>NHib$^4('.nb$LL<dZ%"鯆 wsb$W-(gb$;B \(hib$Y eu%6b$L\)[YH b$I{nbߙ$:2O b$a=+b$,30'$b&b$*g(j刑Ԉ -b$;*kiݛ +T;b$<eC8"dl-g5>b$"y,aDK @b$.v fAu} Db$䬊Tm5N# Gb$K5zc3FzBIb$V)s,=Jb$VDOA?۩:~Mb$O7b(iԋD 2 Sb$g8ǒyxaf|]2$.Ѱ:pT4@2xb$m0*:b$}$߉O4b$ʑ\n ab$.o$4 L#Wb$:iC.8Fzb$>h.c .CŹ4Qb$rT3. G7>92$;.#P\(2$vZL>2$Rg7m[P;c ~A{ 0AA@! ʚ;V7ʚ;g4XdXdx: 0Pppp@ <4dddd  0Ts ___PPT10D[SOaldxZ~0dTTxx: 0xDArialdxZ~0dTTxx: 0x pp?  %#:Calculation of Dielectric Function of a Quark-gluon Plasma6 Jiang Bing-feng Li Jia-rong IOPP CCNU 2008.4 <  Outline Motivation Gluon self-energy and dielectric function of QGP calculated with the effective perturbative theory---the HTL resummation technique Numerical curves of the dielectric function and discussion on the results Summary ,f  c GMotivation The medium effects of hot and/or dense nuclear matter---hot topics in Heavy ion collision. The dielectric function is very important. The field in medium is different from that in vacu-um and the dielectric function reflects that differences. The dielectric function in the HTL approxi-mation is incomplete 4 :H4e _The formula for dielectric function ---longitudinal part of gluon self energy $<`  In general, it is not possible to derive an analytic formula of the gluon self-energy, unless in the case of the HTL approximation. The gluon self-energy in the HTL approximation: 2A brief Introduction to HTL resummation technique33(  Hard momentum~T, soft momentum~gT Soft inner line---effective propagator Hard inner line---bare propagator All legs of a vertex are soft---effective vertex, otherwise---bare vertex(I&J,  Effective propagatorFEffective propagator is constructed with Dyson-schwinger equation BG/  *Calculation with HTL resummation technique  Loop integrals seperated by two parts ---hard momentum and soft momentum Braatten,Pisarski Phys.Rev.Lett 64.1138 Thoma hep-ph/0010164 our purpose: calculate the dielectric function excited by the hard gluon fOOP : r  Hard contribution External line and inner lines both are hard momentum, bare propagator and bare vertex are enough. Hard contribution ~ the HTL gluon self energy at high temperature.  GSoft contribution = + 6H   TEffective propagator at finite temperature in the real time formula in Coulomb gauge2#U   Gluon self-energy calculated with HTL resummation technique = + ! ! *<K &    Hard part      Soft part 3Parameters: g=0.1 T=500MeV p=350MeV (4 >Numerical curves and discuss on the dielectric function of QGP{Real part of the dielectric function Left picture: the HTL resummation result Right picture: the HTL result4)Q|F + FThe time-like region The singularity The space-like region Magnitude FG-The imaginary part of the dielectric functionGSolid curve: the HTL resummation result dashed curve: the HTL result( H ( The positions of the inflexion and the maximum of the imaginary part are exactly the same as that of the maximum and the minimum of the real part Nonzero imaginary dielectric function related to some energy exchange phenomenon Exchange phenomenon in space-like region---Landau damping Nontrivial behavior of real dielectric function in space-like region related to Landau damping  =In the HTL approximation, dispersion relation is time-like, Landau damping is absent. In the case of the HTL resummation, although adopting time-like dispersion relation, we obtain the resonance absorbing structure of the imaginary dielectric function, which comes from the nonlinear Landau damping. (]=m  Because of non-Abelian and nonlinear interactions of eigenwaves, the time-like eigenwaves may produce space-like pulsations the space-like pulsations interacting with plasma particles may cause nonlinear Landau damping. Xiao-fei Zhang and Jia-rong Li Phys.Rev.C52.964 Xiao-ping Zheng and Jia-rong Li Phys.Lett.B409.45 L (P#   * Rusummation : gluon self-polarization contains multi-waves processes which reflects non-Abelian and nonlinear interaction of QGP,which causes the Landau damping lost in the HTL approximation6 S ?SummaryIn space-like region, the dielectric function of QGP have two extrema,which reflects Landau damping mechanism. HTL approximation lost some imformation in the space-like region. ,A @    Thanks!Pr³1     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123489:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~75   !3#$%&'()*+,-./01456789:;mmary õƬ 24  õʾĸģ õƬ2 Ca_ҳjlpingjlpingUsertr.  2 Fq-.-@Arial-.  2 Fsrong.-@Arial-. 2 P< IOPP mmary õƬ 24  õʾĸģ õƬ2 Ca&_ҳAdministratorsAdministr.  2 Fq-.-@Arial-.  2 Fsrong.-@Arial-. 2 P< IOPP CCNU.-@Arial-. 2 ZH2008.4.-ators